Reversal of Pigment Gallstone Disease in a Canine Model

Dawes, Lillian G.; Nahrwold, David L.; Roth, Sanford I.; Rege, Robert V.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410040073017

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In dogs, gallbladder microlithiasis involves bilirubinate pigments complexed with calcium carbonate (termed pigment choleliths) and has been induced in healthy dogs fed a protein-restricted, methionine-deficient, highcarbohydrate diet. [27][28][29] Examination of gallbladder contents from 10 dogs after cholecystectomy confirmed that bile from the gallbladder mucoceles grossly resembled that in dogs with experimentally induced microlithiasis. Furthermore, the gallbladder debris investigated in 1 dog reported here consisted of a similar complex of precipitated bilirubinate, mucin, and calcium carbonate as that found in dogs with nutritionally induced microlithiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)

Aguirre

Randolph²,

Yeager³

et al. 2007

javma

136

227

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)

Aguirre

Randolph²,

Yeager³

et al. 2007

javma

136

227

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“…< 3 % per week). Puppies fed a methionine-deficient diet also develop dermatological lesions such as erythema, footpad necrosis and hyperkeratosis [ 28 ], while adult dogs fed a diet with borderline methionine and taurine content, develop gallstones [ 29 , 30 ]. None of the dogs in the current study, or indeed from the larger cohort of dogs seen at our weight management clinic, developed any dermatological signs at any stage during or after their period of weight loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the adequacy of essential nutrient intake in obese dogs undergoing energy restriction for weight loss: a cohort study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundCanine obesity is usually treated with dietary energy restriction, but data are limited regarding nutritional adequacy. The aim of the current study was to compare intake of essential nutrients with National Research Council recommendations in obese dogs during weight management with a purpose-formulated diet.MethodsTwenty-seven dogs were included in this non-randomised retrospective observational cohort study. All were determined to be systemically well, and without significant abnormalities based upon physical examination and clinicopathological assessments. The dogs underwent a controlled weight loss protocol of at least 182 days’ duration using a high protein high fibre weight loss diet. Median, maximum, and minimum daily intakes of all essential nutrients were compared against NRC 2006 recommended allowances (RA) for adult dogs.ResultsMedian weight loss was 28 % (16–40 %), mean daily energy intake was 61 kcal/kg0.75 (44–74 kcal/kg0.75), and no clinical signs of nutrient deficiency were observed in any dog. Based upon the average nutrient content of the diet, daily intake of the majority of essential nutrients was greater than their NRC 2006 recommended allowance (RA per kg body weight0.75), except for selenium, choline, methionine/cysteine, tryptophan, magnesium, and potassium. However, apart from choline (2/27 dogs) and methionine/cysteine (2/27 dogs), all essential nutrients remained above NRC minimum requirements (MR) throughout the trial.ConclusionsWhen fed the diet used in the current study, daily intakes of most essential nutrients meet both their NRC 2006 RA and MR in obese dogs during weight loss. In light of absence of clinical signs of nutrient deficiency, it is unclear what significance intakes less that NRC cut-offs for some nutrients have (especially selenium and choline), and further studies are recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0570-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Hydrophobic bile acids stimulate mucus secretion from the GB epithelium . Mucus accumulation within crypts and increased secretory vesicles developed within the GB epithelium of dogs with sludge and gallstones . This suggests that prolonged exposure to concentrated bile, biliary sludge, or both might potentiate cystic mucinous hyperplasia (CMH).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…9 Mucus accumulation within crypts and increased secretory vesicles developed within the GB epithelium of dogs with sludge and gallstones. [10][11][12] This suggests that prolonged exposure to concentrated bile, biliary sludge, or both might potentiate cystic mucinous hyperplasia (CMH). The pathogenesis of gallbladder mucocele (GBM) formation is unknown, but GBMs are associated with CMH and GB dysmotility suggesting a possible association with biliary sludge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous Course of Biliary Sludge Over 12 Months in Dogs with Ultrasonographically Identified Biliary Sludge

DeMonaco

Grant

Larson

et al. 2016

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundBiliary sludge is associated with gallbladder (GB) dysmotility and mucus hypersecretion suggesting a link between biliary sludge and the formation of GB mucoceles (GBM). If biliary sludge progresses to GBM, treatment to reduce the production and progression of sludge is warranted.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the course of biliary sludge in dogs.AnimalsSeventy‐seven healthy, client‐owned dogs ≥4 years of age screened for biliary sludge; 45 affected dogs identified.MethodsProspective, observational design. Serial ultrasound examinations were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to monitor degree of sludge based on proportion of GB filled with sludge (mild [0.01–24.4%], moderate [24.5–49.4%], moderate to severe [49.5–74.4%], severe [74.5–100%]), gravity dependency of sludge, and GB dimensions.ResultsAfter 1 year of follow‐up, the degree of sludge was mild (34%), moderate (47%), moderate to severe (13%), severe (3%), or absent (3%). There was no significant difference in median degree of sludge over 1 year (P = .36). There were no significant changes in the gravity dependency of sludge over 1 year. A subset of dogs, 24%, with initial gravity‐dependent sludge developed a combination of nondependent and dependent sludge. Dogs had resolved (2%), decreased (19%), static (40%), increased (29%), or recurrent (10%) sludge at the conclusion of the study.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBiliary sludge was prevalent, affected dogs remained asymptomatic, and it rarely resolves in healthy dogs over a period of 1 year. Some dogs developed nongravity‐dependent sludge within 1 year, which might indicate changes in consistency of sludge.

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Reversal of Pigment Gallstone Disease in a Canine Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)

Gallbladder disease in Shetland Sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995–2005)

Assessing the adequacy of essential nutrient intake in obese dogs undergoing energy restriction for weight loss: a cohort study

Spontaneous Course of Biliary Sludge Over 12 Months in Dogs with Ultrasonographically Identified Biliary Sludge

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