Reversal of developmental delays in iron-deficient anaemic infants treated with iron

Idjradinata, Ponpon; Pollitt, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)92477-b

Cited by 448 publications

(295 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several studies that included iron therapy for at least 2 months showed that IDA youngsters obtained lower scores on a scale of motor development (Idjradinata & Pollitt, 1993;Grindulis et al, 1986) than iron replete infants and toddlers. Another study obtained similar results, but it was dependent on the age of the infants (Moffat et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Repletion of iron stores in these children does not consistently improve performance on such tests. For example, Idjradinata and Pollitt (1993) observed the reversal of developmental delays in IDA toddlers supplemented with iron. Others indicate that this was not the case in those subjects for whom the iron de®ciency was not fully corrected by the supplemental iron (Lozoff et al, 1987(Lozoff et al, , 1996Walter et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Harahap¹,

Jahari²,

Husaini³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objectives: This paper reports the effects of an energy and micronutrient supplementation on mental and motor development, activity and behavior under natural conditions of children classi®ed as iron de®cient anemic and iron replete. Design: Children were randomly assigned to two different nutritional supplements: (1) 12 mg iron either 1171 or 209 kJ; (2) 104 kJ 0 iron. Treatment lasted for 6 months. Setting: The sites were six tea plantations in Pangalengan, West Java. Subjects: Eighteen anemic subjects (hemoglobin`110 gaL; transferrin saturation (TS)`16%) and 18 matched (sex and age) controls (hemoglobin b 110 gaL; TS b 16%) were selected from a pool of children with the following characteristics: no chronic disease; length-for-age 7 1 standard deviation (s.d.) and weight-forlength between 71 and 72 s.d. of the median of the reference of the World Health Organization. Methods: Hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte protoporphyrin were evaluated before and 6 months after treatment. The following psychological measurements were obtained at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 months later. Mental and motor development was evaluated with the Bayley Scale. Motor activity was measured by 4 h continuous observations at home and at day care centers. The interactions between the child and its social and physical environment were also evaluated during 4 h of observations. Results: Anemic children showed faster motor development and greater physical activity than the control children did. None of the other tests showed inter-group differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Harahap¹,

Jahari²,

Husaini³

et al. 2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

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show abstract

“…In infants and preschool children, iron deficiency anemia results in decreased motor activity, social inattention, and decreased social interaction [1]. These defects are persistent if not corrected [2]. Among pregnant women, iron deficiency anemia during the first two trimesters results in increased incidence of preterm labor and low-weight births [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron deficiency: A concise review

2005

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Iron deficiency is a major worldwide health problem. There is recent evidence that the anemia is only the last manifestation of the syndrome and that symptoms occur before the anemia is manifest. Advances in outlining the physiology of iron deficiency have been made, gaps remain in the current understanding. While oral iron supplement remains the mainstay, some indications for the intravenous administration have developed. This review will highlight the epidemiology, physiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options. Am.

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“…In infants and young children, iron deficiency anaemia seems to impair mental and psychomotor development (Idjradinata & Pollitt, 1993;Lozoff et al, 1987), even irreversibly to some extent (Lozoff et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron status at 12 months of age — effects of body size, growth and diet in a population with high birth weight

et al. 2003

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Objective: To investigate effects of growth and food intake in infancy on iron status at the age of 12 months in a population with high birth weight and high frequency of breast-feeding. Design: In a longitudinal observational study infants' consumption and growth were recorded. Weighed 2 day food records at the ages of 6, 9 and 12 months were used to analyse food and nutrient intake. Setting: Healthy-born participants were recruited from four maternity wards. Blood samples and growth data were collected from healthcare centres and food consumption data at home. Subjects: Newborn infants (n ¼ 180) were selected randomly according to the mother's domicile and 77% (n ¼ 138) participated, of them, 83% (n ¼ 114), or 63% of original sample, came in for blood sampling. Results: Every fifth child was iron-deficient (serum ferritin < 12 mg=l and mean corpuscular volume < 74 fl) and 2.7% were also anaemic (Hb < 105 g=l). Higher weight gain from 0 to 12 months was seen in infants who were iron-deficient at 12 months (6.7 AE 0.9 kg) than in non-iron-deficient infants (6.2 AE 0.9 kg) (P ¼ 0.050). Serum transferrin receptors at 12 months were positively associated with length gain from 0 to 12 months (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.14; P ¼ 0.045) and mean corpuscular volume negatively to ponderal index at birth (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.14; P ¼ 0.019) and 12 months (adjusted r 2 ¼ 0.17; P ¼ 0.006). Irondeficient infants had shorter breast-feeding duration (5.3 AE 2.2 months) than non-iron-deficient (7.9 AE 3.2 months; P ¼ 0.001). Iron status indices were negatively associated with cow's milk consumption at 9 -12 months, significant above 460 g=day, but were positively associated with iron-fortified breakfast cereals, fish and meat consumption. Conclusions: In a population of high birth weight, iron deficiency at 12 months is associated with faster growth and shorter breast-feeding duration from 0 to 12 months of age. The results suggest that a diet of 9 -12-month-olds should avoid cow's milk above 500 g=day and include fish, meat and iron-fortified breakfast cereals to improve iron status.

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Reversal of developmental delays in iron-deficient anaemic infants treated with iron

Cited by 448 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on iron deficiency anemia, physical activity and motor and mental development in undernourished children in Indonesia

Iron deficiency: A concise review

Iron status at 12 months of age — effects of body size, growth and diet in a population with high birth weight

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