Reversal of brain essential fatty-acid deficiency in the rat by dietary linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate

Odutuga, A.A.

doi:10.1016/0020-711x(81)90010-0

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In this study, we selected the frontal cortex, representing a rather large region of the brain, with primary functions (Ng and Innis, 2003), and in addition, the hippocampus, which is involved in the memory storage and retrieval. Although it has been reported that deprivation Smink, Gerrits, Gloaguen, Ruiter and van Baal of essential fatty acids causes a decrease in brain weight (Odutuga, 1981), we found to our surprise a decreased brain weight in response to increased LA intake, irrespective of ALA intake. This is in contrast with the study by Hrboticky et al (1990), showing that higher LA at the expense of oleic acid did not affect brain weight in young piglets.…”

Section: Braincontrasting

confidence: 94%

Linoleic and α-linolenic acid as precursor and inhibitor for the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver and brain of growing pigs

Smink

Gerrits

Gloaguen

et al. 2012

Animal

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Studies suggested that in human adults, linoleic acid (LA) inhibits the biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), but their effects in growing subjects are largely unknown. We used growing pigs as a model to investigate whether high LA intake affects the conversion of n-3 LC-PUFA by determining fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of D5-and D6 desaturase and elongase 2 and -5 in liver and brain. In a 2 3 2 factorial arrangement, 32 gilts from eight litters were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments, varying in LA and a-linolenic acid (ALA) intakes. Low ALA and LA intakes were 0.15 and 1.31, and high ALA and LA intakes were 1.48 and 2.65 g/kg BW 0.75 per day, respectively. LA intake increased arachidonic acid (ARA) in liver. ALA intake increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations, but decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (all P , 0.01) in liver. Competition between the n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathways was evidenced by reductions of ARA (.40%) at high ALA intakes. Concentration of EPA (.35%) and DHA (.20%) was decreased by high LA intake (all P , 0.001). Liver mRNA levels of D5-and D6 desaturase were increased by LA, and that of elongase 2 by both ALA and LA intakes. In contrast, brain DHA was virtually unaffected by dietary LA and ALA. Generally, dietary LA inhibited the biosynthesis of n-3 LC-PUFA in liver. ALA strongly affects the conversion of both hepatic n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA. DHA levels in brain were irresponsive to these diets. Apart from D6 desaturase, elongase 2 may be a rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of DHA.

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Section: Braincontrasting

confidence: 94%

Linoleic and α-linolenic acid as precursor and inhibitor for the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver and brain of growing pigs

Smink

Gerrits

Gloaguen

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…In two studies, brain ARA was lower in rats fed lower ARA, accompanied by either a decrease or no change in DHA, whereas the third study detected no change in these fatty acids. Odutuga et al fed rats an essential fatty acid deficient diet for 21 weeks, followed by either two or five weeks of daily gavage treatments with 100 mg ARA, and reported lower ARA and DHA in the brain phospholipids of the rats maintained on the essential fatty acid deficient diet compared to those receiving ARA by gavage after two weeks, and in both the phospholipids and total lipids after five weeks [48]. Mohrhauer and Holman gavaged rats with oils containing ARA from 0.01 to 3.75% of energy as ARA for 100 days and found lower brain ARA in rats fed lower ARA oils, with no effects on DHA [51].…”

Section: Changes In Dietary Arachidonic Acid and Effect On Brain Aracmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Three studies were identified that compared the effects of different levels of dietary ARA on brain ARA and DHA concentrations in adult animals [48,51,62]. In two studies, brain ARA was lower in rats fed lower ARA, accompanied by either a decrease or no change in DHA, whereas the third study detected no change in these fatty acids.…”

Section: Changes In Dietary Arachidonic Acid and Effect On Brain Aracmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The results for brain DHA are more heterogeneous, with three studies showing that animals consuming diets lower in linoleic acid had significantly higher levels of brain DHA [45,46,47 && ], five studies reporting no effect of dietary linoleic acid on brain DHA [44,[49][50][51][52], and four studies finding lower levels of DHA in the low linoleic acid group [48,53,54]. The four studies by Odutuga et al that reported lower brain DHA in the low linoleic acid group also had no or trace levels of ALA in the background diet, whereas three of the five studies [44,50,51] reporting no effect of dietary linoleic acid on brain DHA had less than 2% ALA in the background diets.…”

Section: Changes In Dietary Linoleic Acid and Effect On Brain Arachidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lowering dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Alashmali

Hopperton²,

Bazinet³

2016

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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“…Frozen homogenates were lyophilized to dryness, weighed, and then dispersed in water to rehydrate the tissue to 15-20% by weight (23). At this point, samples were generally less than 1.0 ml volume.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

Hannah

Campagnoni²

1987

Dev Neurosci

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The effect of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency on the activities of several membrane-bound enzymes was examined in the brains of C57BL/6J mice. Pregnant females were placed on an EFA-deficient diet during the last week of gestation and their progeny were examined at intervals up to 16 weeks after birth. Early signs of the deficiency, such as reduced body and brain weight, were noted in the mice on the experimental diet. The fatty acid ratio of 20:3w9/20:4w6, a biochemical index of EFA deficiency, rose progressively in the deficient brains from 0.17 at 4 weeks to 0.68 at 16 weeks. Only one of the membrane-bound enzymes studied, i.e. ATPase, demonstrated any consistent significant alteration in specific activity as a consequence of the deficiency. The accumulation of myelin, as measured by the levels of myelin basic protein, was reduced from the earliest age studied. These findings suggest that EFA deficiency does not exert a general, nonspecific effect on all membranes in the brain and that hypomyelination is a major effect of EFA deficiency on brain development.

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Reversal of brain essential fatty-acid deficiency in the rat by dietary linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Linoleic and α-linolenic acid as precursor and inhibitor for the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver and brain of growing pigs

Linoleic and α-linolenic acid as precursor and inhibitor for the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in liver and brain of growing pigs

Lowering dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Effects of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Mouse Brain Development

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