Reusing Water Treatment Plant Sludge as Secondary Raw Material in Brick Manufacturing

Feenstra, L.; Wolde, J.G. ten; Eenstroom, C.M.

doi:10.1016/s0166-1116(97)80247-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Several trials have been reported in this purpose. In a study that was conducted in the Netherlands, the researchers have manufactured bricks from clay to which water sludge was added (Feenstra et al 1997). The bricks were assessed in terms of production technique (firing temperature) and environmental impact (leaching behavior).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of water sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making

.¹,

Fouad²,

Hassanain³

2012

Advances in environmental research

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The water sludge is generated from the treatment of water with alum. Disposing of sludge again to the streams raises the concentrations of aluminum oxides in water, which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. The use of water treatment plant (WTP) sludge in manufacturing of constructional elements achieves both the economical and environmental benefits. Due to the similar mineralogical composition of clay and WTP sludge, this study investigated the complete substitution of brick clay by sludge incorporated with some of the agricultural and industrial wastes, such as rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume (SF). Three different series of sludge to SF to RHA proportions by weight were tried, which were (25: 50: 25%), (50: 25: 25%), and (25: 25: 50%), respectively. Each brick series was fired at 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 o C. The physical and mechanical properties of the produced bricks were then determined and evaluated according to Egyptian Standard Specifications (E.S.S.) and compared to control clay-brick. From the obtained results, it was concluded that by operating at the temperature commonly practiced in the brick kiln, a mixture consists of 50% of sludge, 25% of SF, and 25% of RHA was the optimum materials proportions to produce brick from water sludge incorporated with SF and RHA. The produced bricks properties were obviously superior to the 100% clay control-brick and to those available in the Egyptian market.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of water sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making

.¹,

Fouad²,

Hassanain³

2012

Advances in environmental research

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“…Johnson et al, [27], mixed water treatment sludge with excavated soil waste to make bricks and the study concluded that, 15% water treatment sludge was the maximum addition to achieve first degree brick. In a research conducted in Netherland by Feenstra et al, [28], the researchers successfully produced brick with clay and addition of sludge in which the assessment was based on "production technique and environmental performance (leaching behaviour)". Another study was done in the UK to investigate the combination of two waste materials for brick production; waterworks sludge and incinerated sewage sludge as partial replacement for the traditional brick raw material up to 5% replacement [29].…”

Section: Production Of Brickmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Different Beneficial Ways of Applying Alum Sludge in a Sustainable Disposal Manner

et al. 2018

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Disposal of waste from water treatment plant is one of the major issues most treatment plants seem not to overcome due to the constant generation of this waste as a result of meeting the demand of water and purification of water for human consumption. The effect of disposing sludge constantly in the environment has called for an economical and sustainable way of reusing alum sludge. However, this paper aimed at reviewing the possible literature on applying waste from water treatment plant in various ways, example; in building material; as brick and tiles, in concrete ; as replacement of cement and aggregate, in Geotechnics; as soil stabilizer and in agriculture; as soil fertilizer, in pottery; use as replacement of clay in flower pot production for sustainable disposal. All the above mentioned categories of uses have reviled an effective and efficient way in managing waste from water treatment plant (alum sludge), also a safer and economical manner of disposal. However, the effects when used and the behaviour when it is incorporated with other materials were highlighted, other reuse and disposal options where discussed and the areas not covered (knowledge gap) was identified.

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“…One technique that is available to treat hazardous waste is solidification that stabilizes and solidifies components of waste. The solidified product is disposed off to a secure landfill site or it can be recycled as construction material like bricks if it meets the specific strength requirement and can be shown to leach toxic pollutants within acceptable limits [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In instances, conjunctive evidences from literature have shown that alum sludge can be applied for different uses. For instance, Feenstra et al, [4] Elangovan and Subramanian [7] used water treatment sludge in brick manufacturing. Moreover, Yang et al, [8] applied the dewatered alum sludge for phosphorous removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development: Potential of Reusing Water Treatment Plant Sludge In Brick Manufacturing

Tony¹,

Ashour

2014

The International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engi

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Alum sludge produced in large amounts from the drinking water treatment plants (WTP) as a result of using aluminium sulphate as a primary coagulant. The sludge disposed during the various water treatment processes can be a major concern for (WTP). A large quantity of sludge is generated each year from those water treatment plants in Egypt. Disposing the sludge to the nearest watercourse is the common practice in Egypt, which accumulatively rise the aluminum concentrations in water and consequently in human bodies. Disposal of sludge in a way that is economically and environmentally sustainable is a major challenge faced by WTPs around the globe. In this study, the alum sludge generated during water treatment was used as a partial substitute for brick manufacturing process. In this study, different series of sludge and cement proportioning ratios were studied, which exclusively involved the addition of sludge with ratios of 5 to 30 % of the total weight of brick mixture. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of sludge-cement bricks, such as loss on ignition (LOI), water absorption, and compressive strength, are investigated. The results from this study indicate that alum sludge could be used as a partial substitute in commercial cement bricks to a maximum of 30% without compromising the strength of the bricks.

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Reusing Water Treatment Plant Sludge as Secondary Raw Material in Brick Manufacturing

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Incorporation of water sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making

Incorporation of water sludge, silica fume, and rice husk ash in brick making

Review on Different Beneficial Ways of Applying Alum Sludge in a Sustainable Disposal Manner

Sustainable development: Potential of Reusing Water Treatment Plant Sludge In Brick Manufacturing

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