Retrospective Health Assessment of Cosmonauts After Participation in Space Flights

Ушаков, И. Б.; Voronkov, Yu. I.; Bukhtiyarov, Igor V.; Тихонова, Г. И.; Gorchakova, Tatyana Yu.

doi:10.21687/0233-528x-2016-50-2-14-20

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…These long-term and correctly-computed findings solidify the result that cosmonauts are at an overall lower risk of mortality than the Russian general population. They also largely agree with the prior results from the 2016 study by Ushakov et al [22] even with slightly different cohort definitions. From this, we can conclude that, overall, cosmonauts have been at a lower risk of death from all causes, between 1960 and 2017, than the year-, age-and sex-matched general population of Russia.…”

Section: Into Space -A Journey Of How Humans Adapt and Live In Microgsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To date, only three studies have been published on this topic, all since 2014 [21][22][23]. From this research, we know that the patterns of mortality risk of cosmonauts are quite similar to those of astronauts in terms of how they compare to Soviet and Russian general population controls.…”

Section: Causes Of Death and Comparative Mortality For Soviet And Rusmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This has been shown to be true for the cosmonaut cohort as a whole [21], as well as the subset of cosmonauts who went to space [22,23].…”

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Much like United States astronauts, cosmonauts have been at decreased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to the general population [21][22][23]. This has been shown to be true for the cosmonaut cohort as a whole [21], as well as the subset of cosmonauts who went to space [22,23].…”

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These two studies are highly similar to each other in that they use only cosmonauts who went to space. The first, published in 2016 in the Russian journal Air-Ecosystem and Environmental Medicine, studied cosmonaut mortality within the cohort of 114 cosmonauts who flew to space at least once [22]. The authors compared the mortality experience of these cosmonauts to that of the general populations of the Moscow region and the Russian Federation as a whole, with follow-up through the end of 2013.…”

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mortality of Space Explorers

Reynolds¹,

Day²

2018

Into Space - A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity

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Outer space exploration poses unique risks to human survival. Here, we review the current literature on United States astronauts and Soviet and Russian cosmonauts and provide updated and original research findings. As in previous research, both astronauts and cosmonauts are shown to have reduced risk of death by natural causes, particularly from chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, compared with appropriately matched general populations. Simultaneously, space explorers are at increased risk of death by external forces, particularly accidents such as plane crashes and spacecraft accidents. In total, both astronauts and cosmonauts are at reduced risk of all-cause mortality in comparison to the general populations of the United States and Russia. However, in comparison to astronauts, cosmonauts have been at equal risk of accidental death, but increased risk of death by chronic disease. We conjecture that the lack of risk from chronic disease may be due to the excellent health and medical monitoring of space explorers coupled with the deliberate attempts to limit their radiation exposure levels below those that would be detrimental. The differences in the astronaut and cosmonaut mortality experiences are likely due to lifestyle factors and the background rates of mortality in the two nations.

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Section: Into Space -A Journey Of How Humans Adapt and Live In Microgsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Causes Of Death and Comparative Mortality For Soviet And Rusmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…This has been shown to be true for the cosmonaut cohort as a whole [21], as well as the subset of cosmonauts who went to space [22,23].…”

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: All-cause Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mortality of Space Explorers

Reynolds¹,

Day²

2018

Into Space - A Journey of How Humans Adapt and Live in Microgravity

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Contrapositive logic suggests space radiation not having a strong impact on mortality of US astronauts and Soviet and Russian cosmonauts

Reynolds¹,

Bukhtiyarov

Тихонова

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Space travelers are exposed to unique forms of ionizing radiation that pose potentially serious health hazards. Prior analyses have attempted to quantify excess mortality risk for astronauts exposed to space radiation, but low statistical power has frustrated inferences. If exposure to deep space radiation were causally linked to deaths due to two particular causes, e.g., cancer and cardiovascular disease, then those cause-specific deaths would not be statistically independent. In this case, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve for a specific cause that treats deaths due to competing causes as uninformative censored events would result in biased estimates of survival probabilities. Here we look for evidence of a deleterious effect of historical exposure to space radiation by assessing whether or not there is evidence for such bias in Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival probabilities for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Evidence of such bias may implicate space radiation as a common causal link to these two disease processes. An absence of such evidence would be evidence that no such common causal link to radiation exposure during space travel exists. We found that survival estimates from the Kaplan-Meier curves were largely congruent with those of competing risk methods, suggesting that if ionizing radiation is impacting the risk of death due to cancer and cardiovascular disease, the effect is not dramatic.

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The Post-Flight Rehabilitation Program for Astronauts in Health Resort: Case Report Series

Ter-Akopov,

Efimenko,

Koryagina

et al. 2024

Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine

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INTRODUCTION. The prospects for studying deep space are associated with the development of methods and programs for restoring the body of astronauts after flights. In this case, an important role is given to the implementation of aspects of restoring the functions of the nervous system of astronauts at the 2nd stage of post-flight rehabilitation (PFR) in Health Resort. AIM. To develop a program of rehabilitation for cosmonauts in Health Resort (stage 2 of PFR), aimed at restoring the functions of the nervous system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 5 cosmonauts. Diagnostics included assessment of psychological and psychophysiological parameters and properties of the nervous system, the functional state of the autonomic nervous system. The rehabilitation program included: intake of mineral water “Slavyanovsky”, carbon dioxide-hydrogen sulfide baths, baro-, halo-, inhalation and climate therapy, a course of 5 sessions of neurofeedback on the β-rhythm of the brain. The duration of PFR was 21 days, procedures were carried out every other day. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. An assessment of heart rate variability revealed the predominance of the influence of the parasympathetic division. After the rehabilitation course, there was a decrease in the stiffness index. There was a positive trend towards normalization of indicators: blood saturation, reflection index, a marker of left ventricular function, cardiac output, blood pressure and oxygen absorption from the microcirculatory system. The dynamics of biofeedback training indicators based on the β-rhythm indicated the orderliness and synchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) rhythm signal; an increase in the efficiency of mental work was also revealed. CONCLUSION. The results obtained indicate the positive impact of the developed program of the 2nd stage of PFR, as a result of which a positive dynamics of indicators of autonomic regulation, central hemodynamics, improvement of mental performance, orderliness and synchronization of the EEG rhythm signal.

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Retrospective Health Assessment of Cosmonauts After Participation in Space Flights

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Mortality of Space Explorers

The Mortality of Space Explorers

Contrapositive logic suggests space radiation not having a strong impact on mortality of US astronauts and Soviet and Russian cosmonauts

The Post-Flight Rehabilitation Program for Astronauts in Health Resort: Case Report Series

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