Retrospective evaluation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 68 dogs

Abstract

Background There is a lack of clinical data on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, and survival in dogs with HCM. Animals Sixty‐eight client‐owned dogs. Methods Retrospective multicenter study. Medical records were searched between 2003 and 2015. The diagnosis of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was made by echocardiographic examination. Results Three hundred and forty‐five dogs with LV hypertrophy were identified, of which 277 were excluded. The remaining 68 dogs were 0.3 to 14 years old and predominantly <10 kg (85%), and without a sex predilection. Twenty‐four % were Shih Tzu and 24% terrier breeds. Most (80%) had a systolic heart murmur. Owner‐determined exercise intolerance (37%) and syncope (18%) were most commonly reported signs. The majority (84%) of dogs had symmetrical LV hypertrophy, whereas asymmetrical septal and LV free wall hypertrophy was observed in 9% and 6% of dogs, respectively. Isolated basal interventricular septal hypertrophy was not observed. Commonly recorded were systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (60%) and LV diastolic dysfunction (89% of dogs where diastolic function was evaluated). Six dogs died unexpectedly, and 3 developed congestive heart failure. Known survival times were between 1 day and 114 months after diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in dogs should be considered as a differential diagnosis if LV hypertrophy is identified. Small breed dogs are overrepresented, and it is uncommon for dogs with HCM to develop CHF although sudden death can occur.

Cardiomiopatia hipertrófica em cão – Relato de caso

“…Zamboni e Romão (2015), observaram em seus estudos que a CMH tem maior incidência em machos com idade entre quatro a sete anos, tanto em animais como em humanos, entretanto, estes mesmos pesquisadores, enfatizaram que há relatos que essa cardiopatia pode ocorrer em filhotes de 5 a 7 meses de idade, sendo nesses casos, considerada congênita, como pode ser registrado no presente relato, tanto quanto o sexo, como para a faixa etária do paciente. Já em relação ao porte, essa cardiopatia foi descrita em sua maioria em muitas raças de cães de raças grandes, incluindo pastores alemães, rottweilers, dálmatas, pointers alemães de pelo curto, weimaraners, boxers e golden retrievers (Schober et al, 2022). Entretanto, assim como nesse relato, a CMH também tem sido descrita em cães de raças pequenas (Baumgartner & Glaus 2004;Pang et al, 2005).…”

Діагностика Кардіоміопатії У Свійських Собак

“…Згідно з класифікацією за типом ураження міокарду розрізняють такі види кардіоміопатії: дилатаційну або розширену кардіоміопатію -стан, при якому реєструють дилатацію міокарду і порожнин серця, внаслідок чого порушується систола і знижується функція серця [5,6]. Гіпертрофічна кардіоміопатія характеризується збільшенням товщини міокарду лівого шлунку серця (іноді правого), що призводить до зменшення об'єму крові, яка під час систоли викачується в організм, що в подальшому призводить до застійної серцевої недостатності [7,6]. Рестрективна кардіоміопатіярідкісний тип ураження міокарду, який характеризується зменшенням гнучкості м'язових стінок лівого та/або правого шлуночка серця, що призводить до порушення правильного розширення та наповнення кров'ю камер серця.…”

Clinical findings using echocardiography and plasma cardiac troponin I and pathological findings in dogs with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study

“…Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common disease in humans and domestic cats, with genetic mutations being the most frequently identified underlying etiology ( Freeman et al ., 2017 ; Ueda and Stern, 2017 ; Luis Fuentes et al , 2020 ). Despite being a common cause of sudden death in humans ( Richardson et al ., 1996 ) and the leading cause of feline heart disease ( Fox et al ., 2018 ), there are limited reports of HCM in dogs ( Washizu et al ., 2003 ; Schober et al ., 2022 ). However, HCM has been identified after anesthesia-related accidents or sudden cardiac death (SCD) in dogs ( Liu et al ., 1979b ).…”

“…HCM is characterized by concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall with a normal or small left ventricular size. The diagnosis of HCM requires the exclusion of systemic hypertension, hyperthyroidism, congenital aortic stenosis, and less common causes of wall hypertrophy, such as multicentric lymphoma and pseudohypertrophy secondary to dehydration ( Schober et al ., 2022 ). HCM has been reported in male and female dogs aged 1–14 years ( Liu et al ., 1979a ; Washizu et al , 2003 ; Pang et al ., 2005 ; Schober et al ., 2022 ).…”

“…The diagnosis of HCM requires the exclusion of systemic hypertension, hyperthyroidism, congenital aortic stenosis, and less common causes of wall hypertrophy, such as multicentric lymphoma and pseudohypertrophy secondary to dehydration ( Schober et al ., 2022 ). HCM has been reported in male and female dogs aged 1–14 years ( Liu et al ., 1979a ; Washizu et al , 2003 ; Pang et al ., 2005 ; Schober et al ., 2022 ). Previous studies have reported HCM in all dog sizes, including German shepherds, Doberman pinschers, Airedale terriers, Great Danes, Boston terriers, poodles, bulldogs ( Liu et al ., 1979b ), corgis ( Marks, 1993 ), Shih-Tzu, and terriers ( Washizu et al ., 2003 ; Schober et al , 2022 ).…”