Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions

Patten, Scott B.; Wilkes, T. Christopher; Williams, Jeanne V.A.; Lavorato, Dina H.; el‐Guebaly, Nady; Schopflocher, Don; Wild, Conor; Colman, Ian; Bulloch, Andrew G. M.

doi:10.1017/s2045796014000018

Cited by 72 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…reported an increased risk of poor self‐rated health on the order of d = .44 where we report d = .49. Second, consistent with observations from previous analyses of the agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of specific childhood adversities (Hardt & Rutter, ; Patten et al., ), we found that prospective and retrospective ACE measures in the Dunedin cohort agreed only modestly. Such modest agreement may raise eyebrows, but it should be interpreted in context.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health

Reuben

Moffitt

Caspi

et al. 2016

Child Psychology Psychiatry

608

522

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Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; e.g., abuse, neglect, parental loss, etc.) have been associated with increased risk for later-life disease and dysfunction using adults’ retrospective self-reports of ACEs. Research should test whether associations between ACEs and health outcomes are the same for prospective and retrospective ACE measures. Methods We estimated agreement between ACEs prospectively-recorded throughout childhood (by Study staff at Study member ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15) and retrospectively-recalled in adulthood (by Study members when they reached age 38), in the population-representative Dunedin cohort (N=1,037). We related both retrospective and prospective ACE measures to physical, mental, cognitive, and social health at midlife measured through both objective (e.g., biomarkers and neuropsychological tests) and subjective (e.g., self-reported) means. Results Dunedin and CDC ACE distributions were similar. Retrospective and prospective measures of adversity showed moderate agreement (r=.47, p<.001; weighted Kappa = .31, 95% CI: .27–.35). Both associated with all midlife outcomes. As compared to prospective ACEs, retrospective ACEs showed stronger associations with life outcomes that were subjectively assessed, and weaker associations with life outcomes that were objectively assessed. Recalled ACEs and poor subjective outcomes were correlated regardless of whether prospectively-recorded ACEs were evident. Individuals who recalled more ACEs than had been prospectively recorded were more neurotic than average, and individuals who recalled fewer ACEs than recorded were more agreeable. Conclusions Prospective ACE records confirm associations between childhood adversity and negative life outcomes found previously using retrospective ACE reports. However, more agreeable and neurotic dispositions may respectively bias retrospective ACE measures toward underestimating the impact of adversity on objectively-measured life outcomes and overestimating the impact of adversity on self-reported outcomes. Associations between personality factors and the propensity to recall adversity were extremely modest and warrant further investigation. Risk predictions based on retrospective ACE reports should utilize objective outcome measures. Where objective outcome measurements are difficult to obtain, correction factors may be warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health

Reuben

Moffitt

Caspi

et al. 2016

Child Psychology Psychiatry

608

522

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study relies on prior estimates of ACEs association with disease, healthcare expenses, and DALYs which have their own underlying limitations. The ACEs-associated fraction estimates are based on our prior study [13,24] using retrospective ACEs data which are selfreported and subject to recall bias [67,68]. Total associations with 4+ ACEs in our prior study are generally consistent with prior BRFSS studies for asthma and depression (e.g.…”

Section: Limitationssupporting

confidence: 65%

Adult health burden and costs in California during 2013 associated with prior adverse childhood experiences

Miller

Waehrer

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesTo estimate the adult health burden and costs in California during 2013 associated with adults' prior Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). MethodsWe analyzed five ACEs-linked conditions (asthma, arthritis, COPD, depression, and cardiovascular disease) and three health risk factors (lifetime smoking, heavy drinking, and obesity). We estimated ACEs-associated fractions of disease risk for people aged 18+ for these conditions by ACEs exposure using inputs from a companion study of California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 2008-2009, 2011, and 2013. We combined these estimates with published estimates of personal healthcare spending and Disability-Adjusted-Life-Years (DALYs) in the United States by condition during 2013. DALYs captured both the years of healthy life lost to disability and the years of life lost to deaths during 2013. We applied a published estimate of cost per DALY.Estimates of the costs of childhood adversity are far greater than previously understood and provide a fiscal rationale for prevention efforts. PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.

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“…Moreover, some other reports have suggested that subjects under-report childhood physical maltreatment when it is measured retrospectively [82,83]. Recent studies that compared associations of retrospective and prospective assessments of childhood physical maltreatment and health have shown that the associations remained in the same direction; however, the associations between retrospective childhood physical maltreatment and self-reported outcomes were over-estimated [74,84]. Accordingly, since the measurement of internalizing symptoms in this study was self-reported, it is plausible that the total effects and direct effects presented here are over-estimated, while the indirect effects may be under-estimated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation, and internalizing symptoms: a longitudinal, three-wave, population-based study

Sheikh

2017

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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A number of cross-sectional studies have consistently shown a correlation between childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation and internalizing symptoms. Using a longitudinal, three-wave design, this study sought to assess the mediating role of perceived social isolation in adulthood in the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The study has a three-wave design. We used data collected from 1994 to 2008 within the framework of the Tromsø Study (N = 4530), a representative prospective cohort study of men and women. Perceived social isolation was measured at a mean age of 54.7 years, and internalizing symptoms were measured at a mean age of 61.7 years. The difference-in-coefficients method was used to assess the indirect effects and the proportion (%) of mediated effects. Childhood physical maltreatment was associated with an up to 68% [relative risk (RR) = 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-2.13] higher risk of perceived social isolation in adulthood. Childhood physical maltreatment and perceived social isolation in adulthood were associated with greater levels of internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.01). A dose-response association was observed between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood (p < 0.001). Perceived social isolation in adulthood mediated up to 14.89% (p < 0.05) of the association between childhood physical maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in adulthood. The results of this study indicate the need to take perceived social isolation into account when considering the impact of childhood physical maltreatment on internalizing symptoms.

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Retrospective and prospectively assessed childhood adversity in association with major depression, alcohol consumption and painful conditions

Abstract: These findings help to allay concerns that associations between childhood adversities and health outcomes during adulthood are merely artefacts of recall bias. In this study, retrospective and prospective assessment strategies produced similar results.

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health

Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health

Adult health burden and costs in California during 2013 associated with prior adverse childhood experiences

Childhood physical maltreatment, perceived social isolation, and internalizing symptoms: a longitudinal, three-wave, population-based study

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