Retrospective analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze and summarize the clinicopathological characteristics and factors affecting prognosis for patients with gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (GINENs). Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinicopathological data of 74 patients who were diagnosed with GINEN, and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression levels of relevant markers [synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA) and . Among the 74 cases with GINEN, there were 39 males and 35 females, with an average age of 56.9 years. There were 32 neoplasms in the rectum, 29 in the stomach, 6 in the colon, 2 in the small intestine and 5 in the appendix. All 74 cases underwent surgical resection. According to the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System (2010), the diagnosis of the 74 cases showed 41 cases (55.4%) of neuroendocrine tumor (NET; 25 cases of G1 and 16 cases of G2), 21 cases (28.4%) of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and 12 cases (16.2%) of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC). Additionally, 19 cases had metastasis to lymph nodes. During 10-34 months of follow-up, 15 patients had distant metastasis and 24 patients succumbed, and the accumulative survival rate in 1 or 2 years was 87.8 and 74.3%, respectively. Six factors, namely neoplasm size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, pathological type and the expression or lack of expression of CgA, significantly affected the survival time of patients. Definitive diagnosis of GINEN mainly relies on pathological diagnosis. GINENs with different histopathological types and grading have different clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis: NETs are mainly early lesions with a good prognosis, whereas NECs and MANECs have high malignancy and strong invasion with a worse prognosis.

Extremely Long Survival under Combined Immunotherapy in a Metastatic Functional Neuroendocrine Neoplasia Patient

“…Immunohistochemical staining is essential for the detection of the neuroendocrine markers that are usually expressed by these tumors, including synaptophysin, chromogranin A and others, if clinically relevant [16, 17]. Treatment and prognosis depends on the size, stage, grade, resectability, and distant metastasis.…”

Sex comb on midleg like-2 is a novel specific marker for the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

“…SCML2 expression was detected in GEP-NET tissues using immunohistochemical staining in the present study, and then SCML2 was compared with existing markers in terms of diagnostic value. At present, GEP-NETs are commonly diagnosed by the immunostaining of Syn and CgA, which are widely accepted as classic NET markers (37). In the present study, the positivity rates of Syn and CgA in GEP-NETs were calculated to be 84.4 and 71.9%, respectively, and GEP-NET tissues exhibited weak positive staining with the majority of them being rated +.…”

Systematic review of resecting primary tumor in MNETs patients with unresectable liver metastases

“…According to a study of 256 MNETs patients, individuals with local disease (primary tumor and/or locoregional lymph node metastases) exhibited a median survival of 108 months, compared to 159 months if < 5 liver metastases and 53 months if ≥5 liver metastases [26]. On the other hand, definite conclusion has already been reached that survival for distant metastatic MNETs patients was significantly worse than those without [27–29]. All the above evidence showed that liver metastasis has almost the same, if not better, prognosis compared with other distant metastasis.…”