Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures

Iida, Seiji; Kogo, Mikihiko; Sugiura, Tetsuro; Mima, Takashi; Matsuya, Tokuzo

doi:10.1054/ijom.2001.0056

Cited by 283 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The male:female ratio (3.16:1) in our sample was lower than what has been reported by Cavalcanti et al [8], Cheema and Amin [9] and Ugboko et al [23] and this finding is in accordance with previous studies from India [13,22] as well as from other parts of the world [7,14]. This may be due to the active participation of females in society and consequently they are more susceptible to road traffic accidents and assault.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Septa¹,

Newaskar²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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A prospective study on mid-face fractures was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at College of Dentistry, Indore, from August 2007 to September 2009 to analyze etiology, incidence and patterns of midface fractures and associated ocular injuries. Two hundred patients were included in this study, amongst those who reported to the Department of OMFS, College of Dentistry, Indore. After confirmed diagnosis of mid face fracture all the patients were stratified according to age, sex, cause of the accident, influence of alcohol, location, type of fractures and associated ocular injuries. The study included 200 patients with a mean age of 29.6 years. The most frequently injured patients belonged to the 21-30 year-old age group. The male predilection was 76 %. Road traffic accident was the most common causative factor (64 %), followed by assault (21 %), cases of fall (9.5 %) and other causes (5.5 %). The most common fracture in this study was found to be zygomatic complex fractures (62.5 %) (more in the age group of 21-30 years). This was followed by Lefort II fractures (23 %), multiple fractures (10 %) and Lefort I fractures (6 %), Lefort III fractures (4.5 %) and Naso-ethmoidal fractures (4 %) in descending order. 84.5 % subjects were having ocular involvement. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was present mostly in 83.5 % followed by remaining as corneal injury 15 %, reduced acuity 11.5 %, diplopia 10.5 %, enophthalmos 8.5 %, telecanthus 5 %, hyphema 3.5 %, blindness 3 % and proptosis 0.5 %. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most frequent type of injury that was complicated by blindness or a serious eye injury (61 %). Collection of data regarding the epidemiology of maxillofacial fractures is important because it may assist healthcare providers to provide necessary information for the development and evaluation of preventive measures. Ocular injuries should have an early ophthalmological examination at the time of trauma to detect any kind of ocular dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Maxillofacial fractures are often associated with severe morbidity, functional deficit, disfigurement, and significant financial cost [15,17]. The incidence, patterns and etiology of maxillofacial fractures are influenced by geographic location, socio economic status of the cohort, and the period of investigation [8,11,14,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Septa¹,

Newaskar²,

Agrawal³

et al. 2012

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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“…The mandibular fracture is the most prevalent maxillofacial injury in many countries. 13,14,15 These findings are in contrast with those of a study published in Austria, 16 which presented the middle third of the face as the most injured site of the face, and those of Palma et al 7 (1995), which reported an incidence of 21.9% of mandibular fractures in the population studied. The main etiologic factors in these two studies were activities of daily life and falls respectively, which explain the difference in the distribution of maxillofacial fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Analysis of 185 maxillofacial fractures in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2009

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A retrospective study was performed to assess maxillofacial fractures in patients treated at a public hospital from 2002 to 2006. The data collected included age, gender, etiology, type of injury, treatment modalities and period of treatment. Causes were grouped into seven categories: road traffic collisions, sports accidents, occupational accidents, gunshot fractures, falls, violence and other causes. The analyses involved descriptive statistics, the Chi-squared Test and the Fisher Exact Test. Records from 132 patients sustaining 185 maxillofacial fractures were evaluated. The mandible (54.6%) was the most commonly fractured bone in the facial skeleton, followed by the zygoma (27.6%). The mean age of the patients was 37.7 years, and the male:female ratio was 4.3:1. Most fractures occurred in adults with ages ranging from 18 to 39 years. A significant statistical relation was found between the age and the etiology of the trauma (p < 0.05), and between the number of fractured sites and the age of the patient (p < 0.05). Considering the age groups, accidents were the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fractures in the age group between 18 to 39 years, and interpersonal violence was the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fractures in the age group between 40 to 59 years. Treatment was performed on the same day as the diagnosis in 44.7% of the patients. Open surgery with internal stable fixation was indicated for most of the patients. Facial fractures occurred primarily among men under 30 years of age, and the most common sites of fractures in the face were the mandible and the zygomatic complex. Traffic road collisions were the main etiologic factor associated with maxillofacial trauma.

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“…Vulnerable sites of head and face include the orbit, zygomatic arch, maxilla, and mandible. Compared with similar studies, it is clearly shown that mandible fracture is the most frequent type of injury [21,22]. However, in another study in Yazd city, the most vulnerable site of fracture was nasal bone (79 %) [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

A 7-Year Study of 1,278 Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak

Hasheminia

Motamedi

Hashemzehi

et al. 2014

J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg.

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Background A number of patients with facial fractures have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that may result in meningitis and other central nervous system complications. Commonly, CSF leak occurs following trauma, but the etiology and pattern of this disorder are different from region to region. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of CSF leak in patients with maxillofacial fractures in Isfahan province, Iran. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1,287 medical files of patients admitted to a medical center with head and face injuries were evaluated during a 7-year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010). Data was obtained using descriptive analysis. Results Of the 1,278 patients with head and maxillofacial fractures, 16 (1.25 %) males and one (0.07 %) female had CSF leak; all these cases had skull base fracture. Of these, 52.9 % had maxillary fracture, 23.5 % nasal fracture, 41.1 % orbital fracture, 11.7 % mandibular fracture, 23.5 % frontal fracture, and 41.1 % had more than one site of fracture. 58.8 % had rhinorrhea and 41.2 % otorrhea. Of all these patients with CSF leak, 8 (47 %), 2 (11.8 %), and 7 (41.2 %) cases were treated spontaneously, using lumbar drain placement, and by surgical intervention, respectively. Conclusions Cerebrospinal fluid leak was observed most frequently in patients with fracture in the zygomatic and maxillary bone, and mostly exhibited itself as rhinorrhea and/or otorrhea. All cases with CSF leak had skull base fracture as well. However, post-traumatic CSF leaks are uncommon and are generally treated without surgical intervention (59 %). Distribution of CSF leak varies from one region to another and knowing this fact helps to manage the injury and prevent the complications.

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Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures

Cited by 283 publications

References 15 publications

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Etiology, Incidence and Patterns of Mid-Face Fractures and Associated Ocular Injuries

Analysis of 185 maxillofacial fractures in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

A 7-Year Study of 1,278 Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak

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