Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Am, Langkilde; Ekwall, H.; Björck, Inger; Asp, N-G; Andersson, H

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600648

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A higher excretion of faecal neutral sterol and bile acids is strongly related with lower serum lipid concentrations in cecectomized rats. S and RS might reduce the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and bile acids, and in this study they decreased serum lipids concentrations, as in a previous human study [35]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Rice Gruel and Rice Starch Reduce Sorbitol-Induced Diarrhoea in Cecectomized Rats

2005

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Background/Aims: Sorbitol (S), a widely used sugar substitute in sugar-free products, has shown intolerance manifested by abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea in children and adults. The nutritional and S-induced diarrhoea-preventive effect of rice gruel (RG) and rice starch (RS) was studied in cecectomized rats. Methods: During the 41-day experimental period, control, RG or RS, S, and S+RG or RS-containing diets were provided in four consecutive phases. The diet compositions were changed depending on the conditions of the diarrhoea. Faecal appearances of S- and S+RG/RS-fed groups were observed daily and scored (diarrhoea = 2, mixed fae ces = 1, normal faeces = 0) to evaluate the degree of diarrhoea. Results: The diarrhoeal scores were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in all phases of the RG- or RS-fed group compared to the control group (S). Serum lipid and colonic organic acid concentrations were decreased while faecal bile acids and neutral sterol concentrations were increased in the RG-fed group compared to the control which were measured in the samples collected from the last phase of the experiment. Conclusion: These results indicate that RG and RS may be useful additives in S-containing food products to prevent the possible risk of diarrhoea in humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Rice Gruel and Rice Starch Reduce Sorbitol-Induced Diarrhoea in Cecectomized Rats

2005

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“…As has also been shown in the present study, the most important effect of RS consumption is the increased intestinal SCFA concentration, including a high proportion of butyrate. In several studies, it was found that the application of RS could result in a lower excretion of BA and NS (Hylla et al 1998;Langkilde et al 1998Langkilde et al , 2002. It therefore seems possible that changing the cereal -RS relations can modulate the transport of BA towards the lower parts of the intestinal tract, their partial conversion to secondary BA and their excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats

2005

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Wistar rats (ten per group) were fed either an oat-free control diet or a dietary fibre-rich test diet containing 500 g oat-based products/kg for 6 weeks. The oat-based products, containing 4–128 g/kg resistant starch, 30–92 g/kg β-glucan and 122–304 g/kg total dietary fibre, were oat flour extrudate, flour/Novelose (commercial resistant starch) extrudate (80:20 w/w), oat bran, bran/Novelose extrudate (80:20 w/w) and autoclaved oat flour. Serum total cholesterol decreased in the groups fed flour, flour/Novelose and bran/Novelose (P<0·05). In most of the test groups, count numbers of bifidobacteria were higher (P<0·001) and of coliforms were lower (P<0·05). The mass of the caecum walls and contents was greater in groups fed Novelose- and bran-containing diets (P<0·005). In all the test groups, pH values were lower in the intestinal contents (P<0·001), and caecal concentrations of acetate (P<0·001), propionate (P<0·05), butyrate (P<0·005) and total SCFA (P<0·001) were higher. The lowest concentrations of steroids were found in rats fed the autoclaved flour. In the other test groups, more bile acids appeared in the caecal (P<0·001) and colonic contents (P<0·005), as well as in the faeces, at week 6 (P<0·001). The highest bile acid excretion was found after feeding bran-containing diets. In the intestinal contents of all the test groups, more primary bile acids (P<0·001) appeared than in the control group. The excretion of steroids increased within the experimental period. Using extrusion technology, dietary fibre-rich oat-based products, which have beneficial physiological effects in rats, can be produced. Oat flour and bran are excellent sources for the preparation of directly edible oat products. Their nutritional properties can be further improved by the addition of resistant starch.

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“…When digestible starch was replaced by retrograded high-amylose starch, bile acid excretion was found to decrease (Langkilde et al 1998) and when cooked greenbanana flour was replaced by raw green-banana flour no change in total bile acid excretion was found (Langkilde et al 2002).…”

Section: Resistant Starch Gut Disorders and Colon Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Livesey et al (1995) have shown in ileostomy subjects that the amount of fat excretion in the ileal effluents was increased by diets that are high in RS. In two other studies in ileostomates the replacement of digestible starch by RS2 or RS3 did not alter the excretion of fat or N (Langkilde et al 1998(Langkilde et al , 2002. …”

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Advances in dietary fibre characterisation. 2. Consumption, chemistry, physiology and measurement of resistant starch; implications for health and food labelling

Champ¹,

et al. 2003

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Resistant starch (RS) is defined as 'the sum of starch and products of starch degradation not absorbed in the small intestine of healthy individuals'. This basic definition includes different types of starches that (1) are physically inaccessible, usually due to an encapsulation in intact cell walls, or (2) are naturally highly resistant to mammalian α-amylase, or (3) have been modified by hydrothermic treatments then retrograded. Interest in RS has increased significantly during the last two decades, mostly due to its capacity to produce a large amount of butyrate all along the colon. Butyrate has been observed to have a range of effects on cell metabolism, differentiation and cell growth as well as inhibition of a variety of factors that underlie the initiation, progression and growth of colon tumours. The physiological definition of RS, which seems to be nearly consensual, raises a difficulty in proper analytical quantification of RS. A number of methods have, however, been proposed and provide similar values for the RS content in most of the starch types and starchy foods. It seems, however, that some starches, proven to be partly resistant according to in vivo investigations on ileostomy subjects, could not be quantified by most of these methods. This may be due to a widespread use of glucoamylase during the first steps of these methods. Accordingly, there is an international debate on health aspects of RS and on how to quantify the RS content of food products. The present review describes aspects of classification of RS, past and current consumption, physiological effects and analytical aspects, and concludes with impacts on food and product labelling. Dietary fibre: Resistant starch: Food analysis: Food labellingAbbreviations: ACF, aberrant crypt foci; AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists; BA, butyric acid; EURESTA, European Flair-Concerted Action Research Programme; RS, resistant starch; RS1, physically inaccessible starch; RS2, resistant starch granules; RS3, retrograded starch; RS4, chemically modified starch; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids. * Corresponding author: Dr Martine Champ, fax +33 2 40 67 50 12, email champ@nantes.inra.fr IntroductionResistant starch (RS) is present in a wide variety of carbohydrate-based foods and may constitute up to 15 % of the DM of a food product. Several studies indicate that its presence in food might be beneficial for health (Asp et al. 1996). RS is by definition not absorbed in the small intestine (Asp, 1992), thus it does not contribute to postprandial hyperglycaemia . Its effect on lipid metabolism has recently been investigated. When added to meals, RS may be beneficial for patients with subnormal or abnormal levels of lipaemia . Moreover, some animal studies indicate a serum cholesterol-lowering effect but no evidence of similar effects in human subjects has been demonstrated (Heijnen et al. 1996). RS is largely fermented, producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial cells. It may be important for colonic epithelial cell health through effec...

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Retrograded high-amylose corn starch reduces cholic acid excretion from the small bowel in ileostomy subjects

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Rice Gruel and Rice Starch Reduce Sorbitol-Induced Diarrhoea in Cecectomized Rats

Rice Gruel and Rice Starch Reduce Sorbitol-Induced Diarrhoea in Cecectomized Rats

Dietary fibre-rich oat-based products affect serum lipids, microbiota, formation of short-chain fatty acids and steroids in rats

Advances in dietary fibre characterisation. 2. Consumption, chemistry, physiology and measurement of resistant starch; implications for health and food labelling

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