Retrobulbar T cells from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy are CD8+ and specifically recognize autologous fibroblasts.

Grubeck‐Loebenstein, Beatrix; Trieb, Klemens; Sztankay, A.; Holter, Wolfgang; Anderl, Hans; Wick, Georg

doi:10.1172/jci117289

Cited by 143 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…High levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells in the retro-orbital area of patients who are diagnosed with Graves disease1617. However, another study found Th2 cell-secreted cytokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10, in patients18. Moreover, a previous study described the cytokine profiles of patients diagnosed with Graves disease and thyroid disorder-associated ophthalmopathy17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism is a Risk Factor for Developing Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Huang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk of adhesive capsulitis among hyperthyroidism patients. The data were obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 (LHID 2005) in Taiwan, using 1 million participants and a prospective population-based 7-year cohort study of survival analysis. The ambulatory-care claim records of patients diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes relating to hyperthyroidism between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007, were obtained. The prevalence and the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of adhesive capsulitis among hyperthyroid patients and the control group were estimated. Of 4472 hyperthyroid patients, 162 (671/100 000 person-years) experienced adhesive capsulitis during the 24 122 person-year follow-up period. The crude HR of stroke was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.49), which was larger than that of the control group. The adjusted HR of developing adhesive capsulitis was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.45) for hyperthyroid patients during the 7-year follow-up period, which achieved statistical significance. The results of our large-scale longitudinal population-based study indicated that hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor of developing adhesive capsulitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism is a Risk Factor for Developing Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Huang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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“…That process, termed thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) 3 , is connected in some as yet undefined manner with immune responses occurring in the thyroid gland. In TAO, connective tissue and extraocular muscles become infiltrated with T and B lymphocytes and mast cells (3)(4)(5). It is currently believed that these immunocompetent cells direct tissue-specific inflammatory responses and orbital fibroblast activation, culminating in hyaluronan accumulation, fibrosis, and eye motility dysfunction (6).…”

Section: Il-1␤ Induces Il-6 Expression In Human Orbital Fibroblastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-1β Induces IL-6 Expression in Human Orbital Fibroblasts: Identification of an Anatomic-Site Specific Phenotypic Attribute Relevant to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Chen

Tsui

Smith

2005

The Journal of Immunology

119

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Human orbital fibroblasts exhibit a unique inflammatory phenotype. In the present study, we report that these fibroblasts, when treated with IL-1β, express high levels of IL-6, a cytokine involved in B cell activation and the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. The magnitude of this induction is considerably greater than that in dermal fibroblasts and involves up-regulation of IL-6 mRNA levels. IL-1β activates both p38 and ERK 1/2 components of the MAPK pathways. Disrupting these could attenuate the IL-6 induction. The up-regulation involves enhanced IL-6 gene promoter activity and retardation of IL-6 mRNA decay by IL-1β. Dexamethasone completely blocked the effect of IL-1β on IL-6 expression. Orbital fibroblasts also express higher levels of IL-6R than do skin-derived cells. When treated with rIL-6 (10 ng/ml), STAT3 is transiently phosphorylated. Thus, the exaggerated capacity of orbital fibroblasts to express high levels of both IL-6 and its receptor in an anatomic site-selective manner could represent an important basis for immune responses localized to the orbit in Graves’ disease.

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“…Eye changes result from either an autoimmune abnormality or a regulatory cell disorder that allows some antibodies to attack the ocular muscles, which leads to infl ammation and other signs of discomfort (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic measurement of ocular rectus muscle thickness in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

Imbrasienė

Jankauskienė²,

Stanislovaitienė³

2010

Medicina

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The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in extraocular muscle thickness and to assess its correlation with the degree of proptosis in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). Material and methods. A total of 242 patients (207 females and 35 males) with Graves’ ophthalmopathy were enrolled into the study (GO group). Their mean age was 53.83±14.49 years. In addition, we examined an age-matched (53.51±12.79 years) control group of 40 healthy persons. All the participants underwent ophthalmological examination, including eye protrusion measurement and ultrasonographic evaluation of extraocular muscles thickness. Results. The mean exophthalmos in the GO and control groups was 17.84±2.79 mm and 16.0±1.58 mm, respectively. The enlargement of inferior rectus muscle was recorded in 92.1% of patients, lateral rectus muscle in 81.2%, and medial rectus muscle in 50.8% (P<0.001). A significant correlation between exophthalmos and muscle thickness sum was found in the GO group (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.515; P<0.0001). Conclusions. Graves’ ophthalmopathy is more frequent in medium-aged women than men. A significant enlargement of inferior, lateral, and medial straight muscles was noticed in the GO group. With increasing proptosis, the sum of the muscle thickness was increasing, and exophthalmos moderately correlated with muscle thickness sum.

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Retrobulbar T cells from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy are CD8+ and specifically recognize autologous fibroblasts.

Abstract: Graves' ophthalmopathy is an autoimmune condition characterized by T cell infiltration of the retrobulbar tissue.

Cited by 143 publications

References 35 publications

Hyperthyroidism is a Risk Factor for Developing Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Population-Based Study

Hyperthyroidism is a Risk Factor for Developing Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Population-Based Study

IL-1β Induces IL-6 Expression in Human Orbital Fibroblasts: Identification of an Anatomic-Site Specific Phenotypic Attribute Relevant to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy

Ultrasonic measurement of ocular rectus muscle thickness in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy

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