Osteoarthritis (OA) and dementia are prevalent causes of disability in geriatric patients. To date, information on the temporal correlation between these progressive diseases and the risk of dementia in patients with OA is limited. This retrospective population-based 4-year cohort study investigated the risk of dementia in patients with OA. We performed a case-control matched analysis by using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. Patients were selected on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for OA between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007. The prevalence and the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia in patients with and without OA were estimated. The OA cohort comprised 35,149 patients and the non-OA cohort (comparison cohort) comprised 70,298 patients (1:2). The incidence of dementia was 21.7 per 10,000 person-years in the OA cohort and 14.7 per 10,000 person-years in the non-OA cohort. The HR for dementia during the follow-up period was 1.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17−1.50, P < 0.001) for patients with OA. The adjusted HR for dementia was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.10−1.43, P < 0.001) for patients with OA. The results of this study indicated that OA is an independent risk factor for dementia.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk of adhesive capsulitis
among hyperthyroidism patients. The data were obtained from the Longitudinal Health
Insurance Database 2005 (LHID 2005) in Taiwan, using 1 million participants and a
prospective population-based 7-year cohort study of survival analysis. The ambulatory-care
claim records of patients diagnosed according to the International Classification of
Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes relating to hyperthyroidism
between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2007, were obtained. The prevalence and the
adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of adhesive capsulitis among hyperthyroid patients and the
control group were estimated. Of 4472 hyperthyroid patients, 162 (671/100 000 person-years)
experienced adhesive capsulitis during the 24 122 person-year follow-up period. The crude HR
of stroke was 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06 to 1.49), which was larger than that
of the control group. The adjusted HR of developing adhesive capsulitis was 1.22 (95% CI,
1.03 to 1.45) for hyperthyroid patients during the 7-year follow-up period, which achieved
statistical significance. The results of our large-scale longitudinal population-based study
indicated that hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor of developing adhesive
capsulitis.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause physical disability and psychological distress; however, whether SCI is a risk factor for dementia is unclear. This study evaluated the incidence of dementia in patients with SCI. Study participants were recruited from a nationwide cohort during 2004-2007 and categorized into SCI (patients diagnosed with SCI; n = 941) and non-SCI (age- and sex-matched controls; n = 5060) cohorts. Each participant was followed for 7 years until diagnosis of dementia or December 31, 2010, whichever occurred first. Data were subjected to Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. The incidence of dementia was significantly higher in the SCI cohort (1106 per 100,000 person-years) than in the non-SCI cohort (p < 0.001). Patients with SCI had a significantly higher risk of dementia than did those without SCI (crude hazard ratio [HR] = 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57-2.92, p < 0.001 vs. adjusted HR = 1.95, 95% CI, 1.43-2.67, p < 0.001). Further analysis found that there is no statistical significance of higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease among SCI patients, but that SCI patients were at higher risk of developing other types of dementia than the control cohort (crude HR = 1.88, 95% CI, 1.33-2.63, p < 0.001 vs. adjusted HR = 1.90, 95% CI, 1.35-2.68, p < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with SCI are at high risk of dementia, and effective dementia prevention strategies are recommended for comprehensive SCI care.
When post-hemiplegic shoulder subluxation measurements exceed the above-mentioned cut-off points in physical or radiographic examinations, further ultrasound evaluation for soft-tissue injury is recommended.
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