Retraction notice to “Myeloid-derived suppressor cells accumulate in the liver site after sepsis to induce immunosuppression” Cellular Immunology 279 (2012) 12–20

Pathways mediating resolution of inflammation: when enough is too much

“…Infection, especially that resulting in sepsis, is now known to lead to an expansion of MDSCs. Delano and colleagues originally identified a rapid and sustained increase in predominantly GR‐1 + CD11b + immature myeloid progenitors in the spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis , a finding subsequently replicated multiple times . Indeed, the universal expansion of this population in nearly all inflammatory conditions has led to suggestions that it is a normal demand‐adapted component of the host response—‘emergency myelopoiesis’—as opposed to a pathological event .…”

“…In contrast, the ongoing survival and peripheral aggregation of MDSCs by an IL‐6‐stimulated gp130–STAT3 signalled release of acute‐phase proteins from hepatocytes was shown to be vital in controlling innate immunity and abrogated acute sepsis‐associated mortality in murine CLP . Adoptive transfer of sepsis‐induced hepatic MDSCs into normal mice has also been demonstrated to reduce early death from subsequent induction of acute hepatic failure by LPS and δ ‐galactosamine .…”