Retraction notice

Abstract

In 2015 SAGE became aware of author misconduct concerning the suspected fabrication of identities, as well as the impersonation of legitimate individuals, to manipulate the peer review process across three separate journal publications. SAGE and the journal Editors immediately launched an investigation and have decided to retract the following articles for reasons of author misconduct.Alireza Karimi was the submitting author on 12 of the articles. SAGE regrets the academic record was compromised by manipulation of the peer review process and apologises to readers.

A depth dependent transversely isotropic micromechanic model of articular cartilage

“…where V fr is fibers volume fraction in the superficial zone (all in r-h plane).These micromechanical methods for predicting mechanical properties of superficial and deep zones of articular cartilage was validated by Elhamian et al [23] and could be used for articular cartilages with different age and races.…”

A Numerical Study on the Hemodynamic and Shear Stress of Double Aneurysm Through S-Shaped Vessel

“…The non-Newtonian behavior of the blood is only of minor importance in medium to large-sized arteries. [62][63][64][65] 17 Although the steady°ow is not a physiologically relevant assumption, important°ow aspects such as sec-ondary°ows, and vertical structure are still present under this assumption.…”

Development of a Human Tibiofemoral Joint Finite Element Model to Investigate the Effects of Obesity and Knee Malalignment on Joint Contact Pressure

“…Articular cartilage consists of a fluid-filled extracellular matrix, with interstitial fluid accounting for nearly 80% of its wet weight. The remaining 20% is a solid fiber matrix composed primarily of collagen and proteoglycans [38], [39]. Together, these constituents make up the main mechanical elements of articular cartilage [40].…”

“…Together, these constituents make up the main mechanical elements of articular cartilage [40]. Collagen fibers dispersed throughout articular cartilage exhibit depth dependent orientation and concentration, making articular cartilage both anisotropic and inhomogeneous [38][39][40]. Although complex material models better capture articular cartilage's time dependent behavior, previous studies have shown that the transient response of cartilage and meniscus can be accurately modeled using incompressible elastic properties and an equilibrium modulus [34], [41].…”