Retraction: Estimation of the Relative Bioavailability of Several Zinc Sources for Broilers Fed a Conventional Corn-Soybean Meal Diet

Abstract

An experiment was conducted with 312 day-old male broiler chicks in grower phase (8-28d) to estimate the biological availability of four sources of zinc (Zn); zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ･H 2 O), two sources of zinc oxide (ZnO FG1 and ZnO FG2) and Bioplex Zn. Zinc sulfate was used as the standard in the bioavailability assay. Chicks were allotted randomly to 13 dietary treatments with 6 birds per replicate and 4 replicates per treatment, that included an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet (25.50 mg of Zn/kg of DM), or the basal diet supplemented with 100, 150 or 200 mg/kg of DM as either ZnSO 4 ･H 2 O (33% Zn), zinc oxide FG1 (72% Zn), zinc oxide FG2 (75% Zn) or Bioplex Zn (15% Zn). Dietary zinc level and source had no effect (P＞0.05) on feed intake or body weight gain of chicks during first and second weeks of experimental periods, but feed conversion ratio in the first and second week and feed intake, body weight gain or feed conversion ratio in third week and total experimental periods were significant difference between treatments (P＜0.05). Using the slope ratio methods from the regression of weight gain on supplemental zinc intake. The relative biological availability values using body weight gain were estimated to be 59, 99 or 45 for three levels of zinc oxide FG1, 64, 78 or 31 for three levels of zinc oxide FG2 and 151, 200 or 147 for three levels of Bioplex Zn, respectively. From the standpoint of bioavailability, Bioplex Zn was more available to broiler chicks than zinc from other sources and can be used by the feed industry as sources of supplemental zinc for broiler chickens.

Effects of feed supplementation with various zinc sources on mineral concentration and selected antioxidant indices in tissues and plasma of broiler chickens

“…These findings show that feed supplementation with Zn sulphate helps to improve the performance of broiler chickens, although significant difference compared to unsupplemented control birds was observed only in the average daily weight gain. Sahraei et al (2013) recorded higher weight gain in broilers fed similar dietary Zn concentrations from sulphate compared to control birds from day 22 to 28, which is partially consistent with our results. They also reported improvement of the feed conversion ratio in the birds supplemented with Zn sulphate and ZnPro compared to the control group, and no significant difference in the final body weight between treatments, which was not confirmed in our experiment.…”

“…However, study results regarding the bioavailability of organic chelates remain controversial. Several studies show that organic Zn sources are more available to animals (Yenice et al 2015;Sahraei et al 2013;Yu et al 2010;Rupić et al 1997), contribute to elevation of Cu/Zn SOD activity in chicken liver ) and improve growth performance of broilers . In contrast, other results indicate that organic chelates are comparable to standard Zn sulphate (Cao et al 2000).…”

Effects of Different Zinc Sources on Performance, Bio Distribution of Minerals and Expression of Genes Related to Metabolism of Broiler Chickens

“…High concentrations of Zn in poultry excreta due to their lower bioavailability cause environmental pollution and soil phytotoxicity when these excreta used as fertilizers and the high bioavailability of organic and nano-Zn will decrease Zn excretion [33]. Similarly, several studies reported that supplementation of organic minerals for broiler diets can improve the mineral uptake, enhance gain and reduce the excretion of minerals [34,35]. Nanoparticles revealed unique physical characteristics of transport and uptake that display higher absorption efficiencies when compared with the inorganic and organic Zn sources [36].…”

Feed Additives Produced on the Basis of Organic Forms of Micronutrients as a Means of Biofortification of Food of Animal Origin

“…e enrichment of poultry meat with functional ingredients and microelements is an added value and beneficial for human health. Sahraei et al [40] evaluated the bioavailability of four zinc sources (zinc sulphate, two sources of zinc oxide, and Bioplex Zn composed of organic zinc compounds) for broilers fed the cornsoybean diet. Zinc sulphate was used as the criterion of bioavailability.…”