RETRACTED: MicroRNA-132 protects hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation–induced apoptosis

Abstract

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) results in death or long-term neurologic impairment in both adults and children. In this study, we investigated the effects of microRNA-132 (miR-132) dysregulation on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced apoptosis in fetal rat hippocampal neurons, in order to reveal the therapeutic potential of miR-132 on HIBI. MiR-132 dysregulation was induced prior to OGD exposure by transfection of primary fetal rat hippocampal neurons with miR-132 mimic or miR-132 inhibitor. The effects of miR-132 overexpression and suppression on OGD-stimulated hippocampal neurons were evaluated by detection of cell viability, apoptotic cells rate, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Besides, TargetScan database and dual luciferase activity assay were used to seek a target gene of miR-132. As a result, miR-132 was highly expressed in hippocampal neurons following 2 h of OGD exposure. MiR-132 overexpression significantly increased OGD-diminished cell viability and reduced OGD-induced apoptosis at 12, 24, and 48 h post-OGD. MiR-132 overexpression significantly down-regulated the expressions of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-9, but up-regulated BCl-2. Caspase-3 activity was also significantly decreased by miR-132 overexpression. Furthermore, FOXO3 was a direct target of miR-132, and it was negatively regulated by miR-132. To conclude, our results provide evidence that miR-132 protects hippocampal neurons against OGD injury by inhibiting apoptosis.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Bilobalide protects H9c2 cell from oxygen-glucose-deprivation-caused damage via upregulation of miR-27a

“…OGD stimulation often triggers the aberrant miRNAs expression, like miR-7 [41], miR-155 [42], miR-132 [43], miR-27a [21]. Interestingly, Cai et al found that miR-27a overexpression attenuated OGD-induced injury in hippocampal neurons [21], which was consistent with our results.…”

Hypoxia-Induced MicroRNA-212/132 Alter Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Through Inhibition of Tight Junction-Associated Proteins in Human and Mouse Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

“…Consistent with this hypothesis, miR-212/132 were upregulated in the hypoxic human in vitro BBB model, in human post mortem TBI samples as well as in serum exosomes from patients with MHS. Our results are in line with other reports showing hypoxia-induced expression of miR-132 and/or miR-212 in isolated hippocampal neurons, in a model of hindlimb ischemia, and in Schwann cells [40–43]. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report showing OGD-mediated induction of miR-212/132 in BMEC.…”

Upregulation of Extracellular Vesicles-Encapsulated miR-132 Released From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Ischemic Neuronal Injury by Inhibiting Smad2/c-jun Pathway via Acvr2b Suppression

“…Prior studies have proposed the notion that miR-132 confers neuronal protection against OGD-induced apoptosis and its upregulation resulted in attenuated cerebral injury in MCAO mice ( Sun et al, 2017 ; Zuo et al, 2019 ). In this study, RT-qPCR results demonstrated that miR-132 expression in MCAO mice was notably downregulated when compared to that in sham-operated mice ( Figure 3A ), whule the expression of miR-132 was notably decreased in OGD-treated neurons when compared to that in normal controls ( Figure 3B ).…”