RETRACTED: Five Active Components Compatibility of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix Protect Hematopoietic Function Against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Injury in Mice and t-BHP–Induced Injury in HSCs

Abstract

Although the compatibility of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) has favorable effect on promoting hematopoiesis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main active components and pharmacological mechanism are unknown. We investigated the five active components and its mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Five active components of Astragalus glycosides (AST), Formononetin (FRM), Ferulic acid (FRA), Calycosin (CAL), and Calycosin-7-glucoside (CLG), which could be absorbed in intestinal tract, were detected in this study. The peripheral blood, hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs), and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) colony were observed to evaluate the effect of these five active components promoting hematopoiesis. Furthermore, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation, aging, cycle, and related proteins were detected to explore the mechanism of these five components promoting HSC proliferation. i) The in vivo experiments showed that the combination of the five active components could remarkably increase the number of RBCs, WBCs, PLTs, and content of Hb in peripheral blood and the area of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue, as well as thrombopoietin (TPO), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and colony of CFU-GM, CFU-MK, CFU-E, and BFU-E in serum. Each of these five components promoted the recovery of RBCs and Hb, and increased TPO, CFU-MK, and CFU-E. All components except for AST increased the CFU-GM. FRA increased the number of WBCs, the area of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue, and BFU-E. FRA and AST promoted PLT recovery. FRA and CAL improved the content of GM-CSF. FRA, CAL, and CLG improved the content of EPO. ii) The in vitro experiments showed that FRA, FRM, and AST significantly promoted cell proliferation, reduced the positive rate and G0/G1 cells, and increased G2/M + S cells and the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 proteins in aging HSCs. Furthermore, the combination of five components had the best effect. Taken together, the five active components of AST, FRM, FRA, CAL, and CLG were the main pharmacodynamic substances of the AR-ASR compatibility, which promoted hematopoiesis. The combination of them had a synergistic effect. The mechanism of promoting hematopoiesis may be relevant to regulating cyclin-related proteins, promoting cell cycle transformation, and promoting HSC proliferation.

RETRACTED: Astragali Radix Isoflavones Synergistically Alleviate Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Via Activating Estrogen Receptor-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway

“…Isoflavones are commonly used as health food supplements for their antioxidant properties ( Messina, 2010 ; Romani et al, 2010 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ). There are four isoflavones in AR: calycosin (C) and formononetin (F) as well as two glycoside form C-glycoside and F-glycoside (Ononin).…”

Main Active Components and Cell Cycle Regulation Mechanism of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix in the Treatment of Ox-LDL-Induced HUVECs Injury and Inhibition of Their Cell Cycle

“…With reference to our previous study [ 6 , 9 ], the intermediate dose of these active components was selected, (AS IV (20 μ g/ml), AS I (7.5 μ g/ml), FRM (12.5 μ g/ml), CAL (10 μ g/ml), CLG (12.5 μ g/ml), and FRA (18 μ g/ml)), and six dosage groups (50% increment/decrement) were designed, respectively. Then, we detected the cell viability of HUVECs using the uniform design method and obtained the linear regression equation, so as to determine the compatible concentration of six active components.…”

“…Astragali radix (AR) and Angelicae sinensis radix (ASR) are classic pairs of drugs that invigorate qi and promote blood circulation, and either of them can protect VECs from oxidative damage due to its antioxidant properties. The compatibility of AR with ASR positively affects the proliferation and tubulogenic capacity of endothelial progenitor cells, increases the survival of VECs, and contributes to the protection of the cardiovascular system by inhibiting the apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells induced by ox-LDL treatment [ 5 , 6 ]. A previous study found that the compatibility of AR and ASR could alleviate vascular endothelial injury; the main active components detected in the plasma after the oral administration of Danggui Buxue Tang decoction were astragaloside IV (AS IV), calycosin (CAL), calycosin-7-O- β -D glucoside (CLG), astragaloside I (AS I), formononetin (FRM), and ferulic acid (FRA) [ 6 , 7 ], and these components may protect the vascular endothelium.…”

Pharmaceutical Values of Calycosin: One Type of Flavonoid Isolated from Astragalus

“…The calycosin-induced EPO expression was mediated by HIF-1 α from western blotting results [ 56 ]. The in vivo experiments showed that calycosin could enhance the number of RBCs, WBCs, PLTs, and content of Hb in peripheral blood and the area of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue [ 57 ]. The serum contents of thrombopoietin, EPO, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, colony of CFU-GM, CFU-MK, CFU-E, and BFU-E were also enriched after calycosin treatment [ 57 ].…”

“…The in vivo experiments showed that calycosin could enhance the number of RBCs, WBCs, PLTs, and content of Hb in peripheral blood and the area of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue [ 57 ]. The serum contents of thrombopoietin, EPO, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, colony of CFU-GM, CFU-MK, CFU-E, and BFU-E were also enriched after calycosin treatment [ 57 ]. The animal experiments showed that this agent reduced G0/G1 cells and increased G2/M cells in hematopoietic stem cells.…”