[Retracted] Does the enriched environment alter memory capacity in malnourished rats by modulating BDNF expression?

Abstract

Environmental factors interfere in the neural plasticity processes. Among these, malnutrition in the early stages of life stands out as one of the main non-genetic factors that can interfere in the morphofunctional development of the nervous system. Furthermore, sensory stimulation from enriched environments (EE) also interferes with neural development. These two factors can modify areas related to memory and learning as the hippocampus, through mechanisms related to the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The BDNF may interfere in synaptic plasticity processes, such as memory. In addition, these changes in early life may affect the functioning of the hippocampus during adulthood through mechanisms mediated by BDNF. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on the effects of early malnutrition on memory and the relationship between the underlying mechanisms of EE, BDNF gene expression, and memory. In addition, there are studies that demonstrate the effect of EE reversal on exposure to changes in the functioning of hippocampal malnutrition in adult rats that were prematurely malnourished. Thereby, evidence from the scientific literature suggests that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult animals are influenced by malnutrition and EE, and these alterations may involve the participation of BDNF as a key regulator in memory processes in the adult animal hippocampus.

The effects of physical activity on glutamate neurotransmission in neuropsychiatric disorders

“…As BDNF expression features highly in those hippocampal circuits responsible for interpreting external sensory information, then environmental enrichment appears to increase BDNF further and be the primary source of the ability of environmental enrichments to enhance cognitive processes ( 92 ).…”

Cómo el cerebro se re-estructura a sí mismo: Plasticidad en el Sistema Nervioso Central

“…Se ha encontrado que vivir en este tipo de hábitats induce importantes cambios plásticos en los animales, tales como un incremento en la cantidad de sinapsis y la producción de moléculas involucradas en procesos de plasticidad sináptica, tales como el Factor Neurotrófico Derivado de Cerebro (BDNF por sus siglas en inglés), así cambios en el grosor de la corteza y la expresión de diferentes proteínas sinápticas. En su conjunto, estos cambios favorecen un mejor desempeño cognitivo por parte de los animales (Almeida Barros et al, 2021).…”