2021
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.673276
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RETRACTED: CAR-NK Cell: A New Paradigm in Tumor Immunotherapy

Abstract: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is greatly multifaceted and immune escape is an imperative attribute of tumors fostering tumor progression and metastasis. Based on reports, the restricted achievement attained by T cell immunotherapy reflects the prominence of emerging other innovative immunotherapeutics, in particular, natural killer (NK) cells-based treatments. Human NK cells act as the foremost innate immune effector cells against tumors and are vastly heterogeneous in the TME. Currently, there exists a rap… Show more

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Cited by 77 publications
(66 citation statements)
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“…Finally, in the in vivo model, they generated tumours in nude mice with the MS751 cell line and observed a significant decrease in tumour mass compared to the control (NK-92), which correlates with PSCA CAR-NK-92 cells. This study implies the need for the analysis of CAR-NK cells in the treatment of cervical cancer [99,100].…”
Section: Novel Cellular Immunotherapies To Treat Cervical Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Finally, in the in vivo model, they generated tumours in nude mice with the MS751 cell line and observed a significant decrease in tumour mass compared to the control (NK-92), which correlates with PSCA CAR-NK-92 cells. This study implies the need for the analysis of CAR-NK cells in the treatment of cervical cancer [99,100].…”
Section: Novel Cellular Immunotherapies To Treat Cervical Cancermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional tools to efficiently and specifically target both hematological malignancies and solid tumors are represented by T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) specific for Tas, which have been optimized in recent years with the construction of more effective third-generation CARs, which also express an inducible suicide gene to induce, in case of adverse side effects, the rapid in vivo depletion of CAR-T. CARs deliver a cell activation signal that, in most instances, is strong enough to overcome the inhibitory axes. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the generation of CAR-engineered NK cells, effectors that appear to be superior in terms of safety and that naturally express different receptors against tumor-associated molecules [ 51 , 52 ].…”
Section: Mechanisms Allowing Cancer Immune Evasion a Lesson From 2d C...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Adoptive transfer research remains important for effective treatment as it is a promising mechanism by which to improve patient immune responses without significantly damaging off-target tissues [134]. More recently, research focused on CAR-NK cell transfusions have revolutionized the future of treatment for not only leukemia and lymphomas, but also non-hematological cancers including glioblastoma and breast cancer [135][136][137][138].…”
Section: Adoptive Transfer Of Nk Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, research investigating the long-term success of CAR-T therapies suggests that this form of treatment may not be as successful as previously thought [142]. CAR-NK cell therapy is a more recently explored option for leukemia, and while still in its experimental phases, it has shown killing of cancer with minimal risk of toxicity or GvHD [138,143,144]. In addition to enhanced efficacy and reduced negative side effects, CAR-NK therapy offers the potential for an off-the-shelf form of treatment that does not have to be individualized (in the form of HLA typing), decreasing cost and increasing the rate at which patients have access to treatment.…”
Section: Car-nk Cellsmentioning
confidence: 99%