RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of bismuth nanoparticles in the inhibition of bacterial infection

Abstract

Bismuth (Bi) combinations have been utilized for the treatment of bacterial infections. In addition, these metal compounds are most frequently utilized for treating gastrointestinal diseases. Usually, Bi is found as bismuthinite (Bi sulfide), bismite (Bi oxide), and bismuthite (Bi carbonate). Newly, Bi nanoparticles (BiNP) were produced for CT imaging or photothermal treatment and nanocarriers for medicine transfer. Further benefits, such as increased biocompatibility and specific surface area, are also seen in regular-size BiNPs. Low toxicity and ecologically favorable attributes have generated interest in BiNPs for biomedical approaches. Moreover, BiNPs offer an option for treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria because they communicate directly with the bacterial cell wall, induce adaptive and inherent immune reactions, generate reactive oxygen compounds, limit biofilm production, and stimulate intracellular impacts. In addition, BiNPs in amalgamation with X-ray therapy as well as have the capability to treat MDR bacteria. BiNPs as photothermal agents can realize the actual antibacterial through continuous efforts of investigators in the near future. In this article, we summarized the properties of BiNPs, and different preparation methods, also reviewed the latest advances in the BiNPs’ performance and their therapeutic effects on various bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Escherichia coli . Graphical abstract: BiNPs are antibacterial and ideal photothermal agents to inhibit various bacterial infections

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Multiple Morphologies of Gold/Platinum Doped Bismuth Oxide Nanostructures

“…), multi-antibiotic resistance is due to an interspecies transfer of resistance mediated by plasmids [12]. Over time, various metal nanoparticles, such as silver [13,14], copper [14,15], titanium [16][17][18][19], bismuth [15,20,21] and metal oxide particles, such as zinc oxide nanoparticles [15,22,23], titanium oxides [23][24][25] and bismuth oxides [26,27], have been studied to establish their efficacy in terms of antibacterial activity. The advantages of inorganic nanoparticles, in terms of antibacterial potential, include large surface-to-volume ratios, unique structural shapes and sizes of nanoparticles that allow interaction with bacteria.…”

“…Doping inorganic metal ion materials is a common option and can be used to recover these metal ions from used solutions, which later have the potential to 'adapt' and improve the properties of the materials on which they have been adsorbed, particularly to combat antimicrobial resistance [14,62,63]. Several studies have reported that the positive charge of the metal ion is responsible for antibacterial activity, allowing electrostatic attraction between the negative charge on the bacterial cell membrane and the positive charge of the nanoparticles [14,21].…”