RETRACTED ARTICLE: Taurine ameliorates thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis in rats via modulation of toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway

Abstract

Liver fibrosis is a significant health problem that can cause serious illness and death. Unfortunately, a standard treatment for liver fibrosis has not been approved yet due to its complicated pathogenesis. The current study aimed at assessing the anti-fibrotic effect of taurine against thioacetamide induced liver fibrosis in rats through the modulation of toll like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Both concomitant and late taurine treatment (100 mg/kg, IP, daily) significantly reduced the rise in serum ALT and AST activities and significantly reversed the decrease in serum albumin and total protein. These results were confirmed by histopathological examinations and immunehistochemical inspection of α-SMA, caspase-3 and NF-κB. The antioxidant potential of taurine was verified by a marked increase of GSH content and a reduction of MDA level in liver tissue. The anti-fibrotic effects of taurine were evaluated by investigating the expression of TLR4, NF-κB. The protein levels of IL-6, LPS, MyD88, MD2, CD14, TGF-β1 and TNF-α were determined. Docking studies were carried out to understand how taurine interacts inside TLR4-MD2 complex and it showed good binding with the hydrophobic binding site of MD2. We concluded that the anti-fibrotic effect of taurine was attributable to the modulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota

“…Taurine prevents inflammatory damage by acting on nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells (NFkB)/cyclooxygenase (COX), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)—c-jun N-terminal kinase-dependent (JNK), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) signaling mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). It reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), C-reactive protein (CRP), and is the marker of lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) [ 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. However, the primary benefits of taurine supplementation are derived from its antioxidative activities [ 30 , 61 , 69 , 70 , 71 ].…”

Hematological and biochemical investigations on the effect of curcumin and Thymoquinone in male mice exposed to Thioacetamide

“…Liver AST, ALT, ALP and TB are frequently used as biomarkers of liver injury and diseases ( Bozdağ and Eraslan, 2020 , Datsko et al, 2020 , Koyuncuoğlu et al, 2020 , Li et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2021 ). Additionally, previous experimental studies showed that these parameters were significantly increased in animals exposed to TAA ( El-Baz et al, 2019 , Dwivedi et al, 2020 , Gowifel et al, 2020 , Bogahawaththa et al, 2021 , El-Gendy et al, 2021 , Younis et al, 2021 ).…”

Vanillin attenuates thioacetamide‐induced renal assault by direct and indirect mediation of the TGFβ, ERK and Smad signalling pathways in rats

“…TAA‐induced toxicity is thought to be strongly linked to the activity of free radicals 49 . During oxidative stress, the body uses its antioxidant defensive mechanisms such as CAT and SOD to reduce lipid peroxidation 50 .…”

“…TAA-induced toxicity is thought to be strongly linked to the activity of free radicals. 49 During oxidative stress, the body uses its antioxidant defensive mechanisms such as CAT and SOD to reduce lipid peroxidation. 50 As a result, the activity of these antioxidant enzymes rises throughout the early stages of TAA These inherent defensive mechanisms become greatly compromised and inadequate when the oxidative stress is excessive.…”