RETRACTED ARTICLE: Suppression of NF-κB signaling by ECN in an arthritic model of inflammation

Khan, Amna N.; Zhang, Li; Li, Chang Hu; Khan, Ashraf Ullah; Shal, Bushra; Khan, Adnan; Ahmad, Sajjad; Din, Fakhar ud; Rehman, Zia Ur; Wang, Rui; Khan, Salman

doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03629-7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of oxidative-antioxidative balance in thrombosis and the correlation between oxidative stress imbalance and thrombosis [ 21 , 22 ]. It has also been shown that k-carrageenan is a pro-inflammatory compound widely used in experimental animal models [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of lavender oil in experimentally induced thrombosis

et al. 2023

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Background Lavender oil (LO) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, sedative, cardio-protective, and antinociceptive properties. Thrombosis and inflammation are interplayed processes that interact and influence one another. Our research compared three routes of administration to assess the efficacy of pretreatment with LO on carrageenan-induced thrombosis in rat tail. Materials and methods Wistar-Bratislava white rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten rats each and pretreated 3 consecutive days prior the inducement of thrombosis to with one dose of LO (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)): per os by gavage (TLOPO group), intraperitoneal (TIPLO group) and subcutaneous (TSCLO group). We also have a control (C, received saline solution 0.9% and DMSO (vehicle) 1 ml intraperitoneal (i.p.)) group and a group with thrombosis (T group, received saline solution 0.9% plus vehicle 1 ml i.p.). Histopathological examinations were conducted together with measurements of the circulating levels of three oxidative stress markers, antioxidant effect (TAC and THIOL), and three proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, RANTES, and MCP-1). Results When administered intraperitoneally, lavender oil has the best efficacy on circulating levels of oxidative stress parameters (MDA, NOx, TOS), one oxidative stress marker (THIOL), and all studied proinflammatory cytokines (p-values < 0.02). Moreover, TIPLO displayed the closest values for bleeding and clotting time to the C group, as well as the lowest length of the thrombus than the T, TPOLO, and TSCLO groups (p-values < 0.001). The TIPLO group has histological appearance comparable to the C group, with the exception of the presence of oedema. Conclusions Lavender oil pretreatment with intraperitoneal administration as three days, one-dose per day, showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy in experimentally induced thrombosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of lavender oil in experimentally induced thrombosis

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, IL-1β augments the TLR-7 activity on helper T-cells and worsens the NF-κβ mediated immune activity as a feedback response 21 . Furthermore, the constitutive production of NF-κβ is also the culprit for psoriatic pathogenesis as well as other anomalies 60 , 83 . This activation of the IMQ independent inflammation pathway was not observed with IMQ-nTES gel as evident by markedly reduced expression of constitutive NF-κβ, helper CD4 + T cells, IL-1β and IL-17A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IMQ-nTES gel was, however, found to be comparatively safer than conventional ALDARA cream, owing to optimal stimulation of cutaneous immune cells, non-constitutive NF-κβ, and cytokines synthesis. According to the study published by Li et al, the constitutive (overexpressed) NF-κβ has resulted in the pathogenesis of Hepatocellular carcinoma 83 . Basically, the NF-κβ can be beneficial as well as harmful and can be referred to as a double-edged sword.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cutback in Imiquimod cutaneous toxicity; comparative cutaneous toxicity analysis of Imiquimod nanotransethosomal gel with 5% marketed cream on the BALB/c mice

Jamshaid

Din

Malik

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Herein, Imiquimod (IMQ) was incorporated in nanotransethosomes (nTES) to develop the IMQ-nTES nano-drug delivery system. IMQ-nTES was optimized using 23 factorial design. The optimized formulation was expressed with a particle size of 192.4 ± 1.60 nm, Poly-dispersibility of 0.115 ± 0.008, and IMQ percent entrapment efficiency of 91.05 ± 3.22%. Smooth and round morphology of IMQ-nTES vesicles was confirmed by TEM micrographs. Moreover, FTIR results have shown drug-excipient compatibility. The IMQ-nTES was laden inside the low molecular weight chitosan gel, which exhibited easy application, spreadability and no irritation to the applied skin. The release pattern has clearly exhibited improved dissolution properties of IMQ with the provision of the sustain release pattern. Higher IMQ content was deposited in deeper epidermis and dermis with IMQ-nTES gel, in contrast to ALDARA. In vivo, comparative toxicity study on BALB/c mice has shown significantly reduced (p < 0.001) psoriatic area severity index (PASI) score and less increment in ear thickness. Epidermal hyperplasia was an obvious finding with ALDARA which was, providentially, minimal in IMQ-nTES gel-treated skin. FTIR analysis of skin tissue has shown an enhancement of lipid and protein content in the ALDARA group, however, in the IMQ-nTES group no such change was observed. With ALDARA application, CD4+ T-cells and constitutive NF-κβ expression were significantly elevated, in comparison to the IMQ-nTES gel treated group. Moreover, the adequate expression of IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells were suggesting the preserved IMQ efficacy with IMQ-nTES gel. Quantification of cutaneous as well as systemic inflammatory markers has also suggested the reduced psoriatic potential of IMQ-nTES gel. In essence, IMQ-nTES gel can be a suitable alternative to ALDARA owing to its better safety profile.

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“…Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured to estimate lipid peroxidation in the brain and spinal cord (L4‐L6), as described previously (Ali et al, 2020; Khan, Khan, Shal, et al, 2022a; Khan, Khan, Khan, Shal, et al, 2022b; Khan, Khan, Zafar, et al, 2022e; Khan, Wang, et al, 2022c; Khan, Zhang et al, 2022d). The quantitative measurement of MDA in the tissue homogenate was an index of lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Percentages were used to express the results. The procedure was carried out as directed by the manufacturer (Khan et al, 2013a; Khan, Khan, Khan, Shal, et al, 2021d; Khan, Khan, Shal, et al, 2022a; Khan, Khan, Khan, Shal, et al, 2022b; Khan, Khan, Zafar, et al, 2022e; Khan, Wang, et al, 2022c; Khan, Zhang et al, 2022d).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of MAPK/NF‐kB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by Ajugarin‐I in EAE model of multiple sclerosis

Khan

Shal

Khan

et al. 2023

Phytotherapy Research

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of Ajugarin-I (Aju-I) against the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and explored the underlying mechanism involved. The protective potential of Aju-I was first confirmed against glutamateinduced HT22 cells and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced BV2 cells. Next, an EAE model has been established to investigate the mechanisms of MS and identify potential candidates for MS treatment. The behavioral results demonstrated that Aju-I post-immunization treatment markedly reduced the EAE-associated clinical score, motor impairment, and neuropathic pain. Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate extravasation in the brain were markedly reduced by Aju-I. It effectively restored the EAE-associated histopathological changes in the brain and spinal cord. It markedly attenuated EAE-induced inflammation in the CNS by reducing the expression levels of p-38/JNK/NF-κB but increased the expression of IkB-α. It suppressed oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nrf2 but decreasing the expression of keap-1. It suppressed EAE-induced apoptosis in the CNS by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression. Taken together, this study suggests that Aju-I treatment exhibits neuroprotective properties in the EAE model of MS via regulation of MAPK/ NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap-1, and Bcl2/Bax signaling.

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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Suppression of NF-κB signaling by ECN in an arthritic model of inflammation

Cited by 8 publications

References 64 publications

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of lavender oil in experimentally induced thrombosis

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of lavender oil in experimentally induced thrombosis

A cutback in Imiquimod cutaneous toxicity; comparative cutaneous toxicity analysis of Imiquimod nanotransethosomal gel with 5% marketed cream on the BALB/c mice

Suppression of MAPK/NF‐kB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by Ajugarin‐I in EAE model of multiple sclerosis

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