RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quorum-sensing of bacteria and its application

Abstract

Quorum sensing, or auto induction, as a cell density dependent signaling mechanism in many microorganisms, is triggered via auto inducers which passively diffuse across the bacterial envelope and therefore intracellulaly accumulate only at higher bacterial densities to regulate specialized processes such as genetic competence, bioluminescence, virulence and sporulation. N-acyl homoserine lactones are the most common type of signal molecules. Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing industries, but disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria are a significant constraint on the development of the sector worldwide. Many of these pathogens have been found to be controlled by their quorum sensing systems. As there is relevance between the pathogenic bacteria's virulence factor expression and their auto inducers, quorum quenching is a new effective anti-infective strategy to control infections caused by bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. The techniques used to do this mainly include the following: (1) the inhibition of signal molecule biosynthesis, (2) blocking signal transduction, and (3) chemical inactivation and biodegradation of signal molecules. To provide a basis for finding alternative means of controlling aquatic diseases by quorum quenching instead of treatment by antibiotics and disinfectants, we will discuss the examination, purification and identification of auto inducers in this paper.

Contributions to the global earth observation system of systems by China

“…One mission of the HY-3 series is to observe and monitor the marine environment. Synthetic aperture radars will provide imagery with a resolution of as fine as 1m and for a 20-40km swath, data with 5m resolution for a 60-80km swath and ScanSAR data at 10m resolution for a 120-150km swath (Jiang, 2008). The satellites will provide high resolution data of ocean targets, waves, oil spills, winds, currents, and coastal zone resources.…”