Microbes and Microbial Technology

Ahmad, Iqbal; Ahmad, Furkan; Pichtel, John

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7931-5

Cited by 72 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 756 publications

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“…Use of knowledge derived from other systems will be essential to develop inoculation strategies suitable for corals. For example, microbial saline suspension and microbial immobilization of substrates such as biodegradable polymers are currently used in terrestrial environments (Ahmad et al, 2011) and aquaculture systems (Martínez Cruz et al, 2012). The use of cost-effectiveness and biodegradable substrates, such as the widely used alginate (Sivakumar et al, 2014), could potentially represent an environmentally friendly approach to encapsulation of BMCs and delivery to corals as heterotrophic feed particles, essentially similar to probiotics in humans.…”

Section: Potential Manipulation Of Bmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

et al. 2017

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The symbiotic association between the coral animal and its endosymbiotic dinoflagellate partner Symbiodinium is central to the success of corals. However, an array of other microorganisms associated with coral (i.e., Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and viruses) have a complex and intricate role in maintaining homeostasis between corals and Symbiodinium. Corals are sensitive to shifts in the surrounding environmental conditions. One of the most widely reported responses of coral to stressful environmental conditions is bleaching. During this event, corals expel Symbiodinium cells from their gastrodermal tissues upon experiencing extended seawater temperatures above their thermal threshold. An array of other environmental stressors can also destabilize the coral microbiome, resulting in compromised health of the host, which may include disease and mortality in the worst scenario. However, the exact mechanisms by which the coral microbiome supports coral health and increases resilience are poorly understood. Earlier studies of coral microbiology proposed a coral probiotic hypothesis, wherein a dynamic relationship exists between corals and their symbiotic microorganisms, selecting for the coral holobiont that is best suited for the prevailing environmental conditions. Here, we discuss the microbial-host relationships within the coral holobiont, along with their potential roles in maintaining coral health. We propose the term BMC (Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals) to define (specific) symbionts that promote coral health. This term and concept are analogous to the term Plant Growth Promoting Rhizosphere (PGPR), which has been widely explored and manipulated in the agricultural industry for microorganisms that inhabit the rhizosphere and directly or indirectly promote plant growth and development through the production of regulatory signals, antibiotics and nutrients. Additionally, we propose and discuss the potential mechanisms of the effects of BMC on corals, suggesting strategies for the use of this knowledge to manipulate the microbiome, reversing dysbiosis to restore and protect coral reefs. This may include developing and using BMC consortia as environmental “probiotics” to improve coral resistance after bleaching events and/or the use of BMC with other strategies such as human-assisted acclimation/adaption to shifting environmental conditions.

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Section: Potential Manipulation Of Bmcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

et al. 2017

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“…Currently, the search for effective fungal antagonist strains is aptly relevant [6][7][8]. Studies of biological activity have shown that strains of various Trichoderma species inhibit the growth of Alternaria fungal pathogens [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micromycetes antagonistic potential in vitro against Alternaria sp., a pathogenic strain associated with grapes

2021

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Fungi from the genus Alternaria Nees are new harmful grapes mycopathogens; they are a part of the necrotic leaf spot pathocomplex. The disease intensive development leads to more than 50% necrotisation of the leaf surface, leaving no leaf on the plant by the end of the growing season. An alternative to chemical protection against the disease is the use of biocontrol agents. For this purpose, the screening of fungal antagonist strains from the collection of the laboratory of the biological method of the Federal scientific center «V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil crops» (FSBSI «FSC «ARRIOC») was carried out in relation to the causative agent of necrotic leaf spot of grapes Alternaria sp. by the dual cultures method on two nutrient media – potato-sucrose agar and Rudakov’s agar. Of the 27 fungal strains that were screened for the antagonistic activity to 425-3 Alternaria sp. 17 strains showed the activity. Of these, 12 strains competed for feeding area and exhibited hyperparasitism. Strains A-1 and I-3 Basidiomycota, Tr-1 Trichothecium sp. and all strains of Trichoderma sp. showed the greatest antagonistic activity on both media.

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“…Nowadays, baculovirus-based biological control products are in use worldwide and novel products against different pests are under development in many countries (Moscardi et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptidome regulation after baculovirus infection. A focus on proctolin and its relevance in locomotion and digestion

Llopis-Giménez

Han

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Baculoviruses constitute a large group of invertebrate DNA viruses, predominantly infecting larvae of the insect order Lepidoptera. During a baculovirus infection, the virus spreads throughout the insect body producing a systemic infection in multiple larval tissues. Some behavioral and physiological changes in lepidopteran larvae have been described following a baculovirus infection and those changes could be connected with alterations in the host’s central nervous system (CNS). As a main component of the CNS, neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules functioning as neurohormones, neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. These peptides are involved in regulating animal physiology and behaviour and could also be targeted by baculoviruses in order to achieve host behavioural manipulations leading to increased viral fitness. In this study, we have investigated the effect of a Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) infection on the neuropeptidome gene expression of Spodoptera exigua larval heads and brains. Expression of the gene encoding the neuropeptide proctolin was severely downregulated following infection and was chosen for further analysis. A recombinant Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) overexpressing the S. exigua proctolin gene was generated and used in bioassays using S. exigua larvae to study its influence on the viral infection. AcMNPV-proctolin infected larvae showed less locomotion activity and suffered a loss of weight compared to larvae infected with wild type AcMNPV or mock-infected larvae. These results provide additional information on the role of proctolin during a baculovirus infection, and offers a novel hypothesis for the molecular bases for the behavioral changes associated with a baculovirus infection.

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Microbes and Microbial Technology

Cited by 72 publications

References 756 publications

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Beneficial Microorganisms for Corals (BMC): Proposed Mechanisms for Coral Health and Resilience

Micromycetes antagonistic potential in vitro against Alternaria sp., a pathogenic strain associated with grapes

Neuropeptidome regulation after baculovirus infection. A focus on proctolin and its relevance in locomotion and digestion

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