RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gastroprotective activity of a novel Schiff base derived dibromo substituted compound against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions in rats

Abstract

Background Basic function of bromine in body is to activate pepsin production in gastritis with low acidity. The present study encompasses a broad in vivo study to evaluate gastroprotective activity of a novel dibromo substituted Schiff base complex against Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods 2, 2′-[1, 2-cyclohexanediylbis (nitriloethylidyne)]bis(4-bromophenol) (CNBP) is synthesized via a Schiff base reaction, using the related ketone and diamine as the starting materials. SD rats are divided as normal, ulcer control (5 ml/kg of 10% Tween 20), testing (10 and 20 mg/kg of CNBP) and reference groups (omeprazole 20 mg/kg). Except for the normal group, the rest of the groups are induced gastric ulcer by ethanol 1 h after the pre-treatment. Ulcer area, gastric wall mucus, and acidity of gastric content of the animal stomachs are measured after euthanization. Antioxidant activity of the compound is tested by Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test and safety of the compound is identified through acute toxicity by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Moreover, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), levels of prostaglandins E 2 (PGE 2 ) and also malondialdehyde (MDA) are determined. Results Antioxidant activity of CNBP was approved via FRAP assay. Vast shallow hemorrhagic injury of gastric glandular mucosa was observed in the ulcer group compared to the CNBP-treated animals. Histological evaluations confirmed stomach epithelial defense effect of CNBP with drastic decrease of gastric ulceration, edema and leucocytes penetration of submucosal stratum. Immunostaining exhibited over-expression in HSP70 protein in CNBP-treated groups compared to that of the ulcer group. Also, gastric protein analysis showed low levels of MDA, PGE 2 and high activity of SOD and CAT. Conclusions CNBP with noticeable antioxidant property showed gastroprotective activity in the testing rodents via alteration of HSP70 protein expression. Also, antioxidant enzyme activities which were changed after treatment with CNBP in the animals could be elucidated as its gastroprotective properties.

Gamma (γ)-mangostin attenuated gastric ulcers induced by absolute alcohol in rats: Histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical investigation

“…The up-regulation of HSP70 in experiment groups of our study recommends the protection of gastric epithelium. With the consistence of the results of present study numerous gastric ulcer researchers reported that up-regulation of HSP70 associated with gastric protection against absolute ethanol (Wong et al 2013;Rouhollahi et al 2014;Saremi et al 2019). This outcome led us to hypothesize that the up-regulation of HSP70 protein synthesis might play an essential role in promoting the gastroprotective effect of γ-mangostin, possibly by attenuating ROS-mediated gastric oxidative stress.…”

“…The induction of gastric ulcers in experimental rats by ethanol is a most common experimental methods used to assess the antiulcer activity of plant extracts and their puri ed phytoconstituents (Qader et al 2012;Sidahmed et al 2015;Saremi et al 2019). In the current study, gastric ulcers were induced in experimental rats with or without γ-mangostin in the different groups.…”

“…Omeprazole act as an inhibitor of the proton pump and works by declining the amount of acid in the stomach. Several researchers used omeprazole as a reference drug against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats (Halabi et al 2014;Rouhollahi et al 2014;Salama et al 2016;Saremi, et al 2019).…”

Gastroprotective Effect of Sinapic Acid on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Signaling and Antiapoptotic Role

“…The stomach contents were collected into centrifuge tubes and successively centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was titrated for pH measurement with a 0.1 mM NaOH solution ( Saremi et al, 2019 ).…”

Gastroprotective and Healing Effects of Polygonum cuspidatum Root on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

“…The gastric mucosa is the first protective layer of gastric tissue, and the mucus gel of the gastric mucosa prevents the diffusion of digestive enzymes into the stomach wall [27]. This protective layer is damaged by EtOH, which causes erosion, ulcers, and petechial hemorrhages in the gastric mucosa by producing ROS, peroxide anions, and hydroperoxyl free radicals.…”