RETRACTED ARTICLE: Gamma-radiated immunosuppressed tumor xenograft mice can be a new ideal model in cancer research

Abstract

Tumor xenograft models can create a high capacity to study human tumors and discover efficient therapeutic approaches. Here, we aimed to develop the gamma-radiated immunosuppressed (GIS) mice as a new kind of tumor xenograft model for biomedical studies. First, 144 mice were divided into the control and treated groups exposed by a medical Cobalt-60 apparatus in 3, 4, and 5 Gy based on the system outputs. Then, 144 BALB/c mice were divided into four groups; healthy, xenograft, radiation, and radiation + xenograft groups. The animals in the xenograft and radiation + xenograft groups have subcutaneously received 3 × 106 MCF-7 cells 24 h post-radiation. On 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell injection, the animals were sacrificed. Then, the blood samples and the spleen and tumor tissues were removed for the cellular and molecular analyses. The whole-body gamma radiation had a high immunosuppressive effect on the BALB/c mice from 1 to 21 days post-radiation. The macroscopic and histopathological observations have proved that the created clusters' tumor structure resulted in the xenograft breast tumor. There was a significant increase in tumor size after cell injection until the end of the study. Except for Treg, the spleen level of CD4, CD8, CD19, and Ly6G was significantly decreased in Xen + Rad compared to the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. Unlike IL-4 and IL-10, the spleen level of TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-12, and IL-17 was considerably decreased in the Xen + Rad than the Xen alone group on 3 and 7 days. The spleen expressions of the VEGF, Ki67, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were dramatically increased in the Xen + Rad group compared to the Xen alone on 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Our results could confirm a new tumor xenograft model via an efficient immune-suppressive potential of the whole-body gamma radiation in mice.

Positive electrostatic therapy of metastatic tumors: selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by pure charges

“…The animals were then anesthetized intravenously with xylazine/ketamine (10 mg/kg xylazine and 90 mg/kg ketamine). A 6‐MV linear accelerator gave the tumor irradiation at a 200 cGy/min rate using gamma rays from a Co60 source (Theratron 780C, Theratronix); the treatment was repeated after 48 h. 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 All mouse models were followed until recurrence of tumors or death.…”

Stem Cell Therapy in Limb Ischemia: State-of-Art, Perspective, and Possible Impacts of Endometrial-Derived Stem Cells

“…Nowadays, the undeniable advantage of using stem cell technology is widely acknowledged as a reliable, safe, and effective method for generating mature cells ( Khodayari et al, 2021a ; Khodayari et al, 2021b ) and regenerating injured tissues and organs ( Emadedin et al, 2012 ; Rigato et al, 2017 ; Khodayari et al, 2019 ; Hashemian et al, 2021 ). From a developmental and physiological view throughout the animal’s lifetime, stem cells play a vital role in the hemostasis, healing, and regeneration of the organs ( Ghazizadeh et al, 2018 ; Khodayari et al, 2019 ; Beeken et al, 2021 ).…”

The Hematopoietic Function of Medicinal Wine Maoji Jiu Revealed in Blood Deficiency Model Rats

“…To better elucidate the cause behind the injury and apoptosis, we used immunohistochemical methods to determine the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in the spleen. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the model group decreased significantly ( Figure 3 ), and the changes in the two markers were confirmed to be associated with splenic injury [ 26 , 27 ]. The Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased after the treatment with MJ, suggesting that MJ may reduce spleen cell injury and apoptosis by regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 of and Bax.…”