RETRACTED ARTICLE: Assessment of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) Induced Hepatotoxicity and Ameliorative Effects of Cinnamomum cassia in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract

This study assessed the protective effects of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) bark extract in rats exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt. For in vivo evaluation of the ameliorative role of the cinnamon extract, the experimental groups were orally administered with the cinnamon extract at different dose levels (50 or 100 or 150 mg/kg bodyweight) along with the subcutaneous injections of 150 mg/kg bodyweight titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt. The extract showed significant ameliorative role on the antioxidant system in response to elevated levels of titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt-induced oxidative stress. It aided in the recovery of the antioxidant system as well as protective role in histological damages and some haematological parameters in the rat liver treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles or titanium dioxide bulk salt.

The Possible Protective Role of N-Acetyl Cysteine against Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Intestinal Toxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats

“…These results are in line with those observed by Bermudez et al Shakeel et al (2017). They found that TiO2 NPs decreased body weight in the experimental animals.…”

Combined Subchronic Toxicity of Aluminum (III), Titanium (IV) and Silicon (IV) Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Alleviation with a Complex of Bioprotectors

“…The first two of the above species belong to the most widely manufactured and used nanomaterials [ 19 ] This explains why they are frequently subjected to toxicological assessment, though in vitro as a rule, and much less often in short-term animal experiments. The scientific literature of this kind dealing with TiO 2 -NP toxicity may be exemplified by [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], and that on SiO 2 -NP toxicity by [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] and numerous other sources. Apart from several studies performed on unicellular algae or plant cells, the toxicity of Al 2 O 3 -NPs had been investigated much less, even on cell cultures [ 48 , 49 , 50 ], and only one of the latter [ 50 ] also involved the administration of a single oral dose to mice.…”

Chemical induction of hepatic apoptosis in rodents

“…As reported in titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )‐NPs, mice and rat models showed a rise in ROS and decreased expression of superoxide dismutase and GPx, alteration in mRNA and cytoplasmic proteins and significant expression in CYP1A resulting in liver damage and oxidative injury (Shakeel et al, ; Shrivastava, Raza, Yadav, Kushwaha, & Flora, ). Increase in liver weight and its enzymes namely, ALT, AST and LDH is also evident in TiO 2 ‐NP toxicity, in addition to significant alterations in cytokines (Alarifi et al, ; Cui et al, ; Morgan, Ibrahim, Galal, Ogaly, & Abd‐Elsalam, ).…”