RETRACTED: An efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalyst based on SnO2/CNT toward electrocatalytic full water splitting

Sustainability Consolidated Ln3+(Ce3+‐Pr3+‐Nd3+):SnO2 System for Variegated Electrochemical and Photovoltaic Applications

“…The production of H 2 either done in the alkaline or acidic media, proceeds with the Volmer step as the initial one. Though there are not many reports available explaining the mechanism of H 2 production in alkaline media but other studies support the role of Volmer-Heyrovsky mixed mechanism for HER [26] as exhibited in case of pristine and lanthanide doped SnO 2 electrodes. The excellent OER/HER activities shown in the form of lower overpotential (𝜂 OER/HER ) and Tafel slope values expresses the outstanding and high performance of the electrodes for facile generation of energy without needing any complex set up.…”

“…The suitable composition of the lanthanide doped SnO 2 has gone on successful activation of the favorable sites leading to better performance. [26]…”

“…The results are comparable with the other relevant studies. [26,29] Especially, the lower value of the lanthanide doped SnO 2 electrode shows the profound role of rare earth metals in altering the properties of the pristine SnO 2 . There are three major mechanistic steps involved in this process for appreciable H 2 production reflected in form of lower Tafel slopes.…”