Retired electric vehicle battery to reduce the load frequency control oscillation in the micro grid system

Abstract

The potential of a retired electric vehicle battery (REVB) is its capacity to provide backup power supply to the power system grid. This paper proposed energy storage system (ESS) based on REVB called retired battery energy storage system (retired BESS) to tackle the intermittent of renewable energy source such as wind turbine and dynamic load change. To examine the efficacy of the proposed technique, the load frequency control (LFC) of microgrid (MG) system is utilized in this study and the proposed technique is compared to conventional LFC controller, PI controllers, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), and a new electric vehicle battery. The kind of retired BESS cell used in this study is Li-ion nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) type with a state of charge as of 70%. The capacity of each cell for retired BESS is 38 Ah. From the simulation result, the use of retired BESS can reduce frequency oscillation, compress the settling time to reach steady state, and maintain the robustness of the MG system. A retired BESS has a minimum error performance index value compared to conventional LFC, proportional integral (PI) controller, and SMES.

Load frequency control in Island micro-grid with electric vehicles and renewable energy sources using modified fractional order PID controller

“…Due to its high efficiency, low maintenance cost, easy controllability, and high power density, the variable speed direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is now widely employed in wind power systems [17]. However, the generator model is analyzed using the dq reference frame and its voltage equation is given as ( 2) and (3).…”

“…On the other side, EVs are becoming increasingly popular since they experience net cost savings and consume less gasoline and produce fewer greenhouse gases, which helps keep the environment clean [2]. The study [3], underlines the necessity of constructing a significant number of charging stations and facilities to handle the rising number of electric vehicles and the need for enhanced integration of renewable energy sources and more effective delivery of frequency regulation services. The researchers recommended future studies on the effects of electric vehicles on complicated power systems, such as microgrids that are isolated from a macro-grid and have a high penetration of renewable energy sources.…”