Retinotopic Changes in the Gray Matter Volume and Cerebral Blood Flow in the Primary Visual Cortex of Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Zhang, Shaodan; Wang, Bo; Xie, Yandong; Zhu, Senhua; Thomas, Ravi; Qing, Guoping; Zhang, Chun

doi:10.1167/iovs.15-17286

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…[21] Zhang et al [22] found that the volume of the cuneus was decreased in early-stage POAG, which was similar to the findings in our research. Moreover, we also found large signal changes in the cuneus without structural changes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Structural and functional brain changes in early- and mid-stage primary open-angle glaucoma using voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2017

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To investigate structural and functional brain changes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) by using voxel-based morphometry based on diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated Lie algebra (VBM-DARTEL) and blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI), respectively.Thirteen patients diagnosed with POAG and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the study. For each participant, high-resolution structural brain imaging and blood flow imaging were acquired on a 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Structural and functional changes between the POAG and control groups were analyzed. An analysis was carried out to identify correlations between structural and functional changes acquired in the previous analysis and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL).Patients in the POAG group showed a significant (P < 0.001) volume increase in the midbrain, left brainstem, frontal gyrus, cerebellar vermis, left inferior parietal lobule, caudate nucleus, thalamus, precuneus, and Brodmann areas 7, 18, and 46. Moreover, significant (P < 0.001) BOLD signal changes were observed in the right supramarginal gyrus, frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, left cuneus, and left midcingulate area; many of these regions had high correlations with the RNFL.Patients with POAG undergo widespread and complex changes in cortical brain structure and blood flow. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02570867).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Structural and functional brain changes in early- and mid-stage primary open-angle glaucoma using voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed, several structural imaging studies have provided a strong line of evidence for V1 and V2 atrophy in glaucoma patients [8,[73][74][75][76]. Equally important is the finding of volumetric increase in visual and non-visual areas distant from V1 and V2, including the cuneus, inferior occipital and temporal gyrus, and superior parietal and angular gyrus, which may indicate compensatory cortical plasticity, especially in early disease [73][74][75]. Further investigations are needed to probe these results (i.e.…”

Section: Optic Nerve Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Cortex Plasticity Following Peripheral Damage To The Visual System: fMRI Evidence

Lemos

Pereira

2016

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Over the last two decades, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become a powerful research method to investigate cortical visual plasticity. Abnormal fMRI response patterns have been occasionally detected in the visually deprived cortex of patients with bilateral retinal diseases. Controversy remains whether these observations indicate structural reorganization of the visual cortex or unmasking of previously silent cortico-cortical connections. In optic nerve diseases, there is weak evidence showing that early visual cortex seems to lack reorganization, while higher-order visual areas undergo plastic changes which may contribute to optimise visual function. There is however accumulating imaging evidence demonstrating trans-synaptic degeneration of the visual cortex in patients with disease of the anterior visual pathways. This may preclude the use of restorative treatments in these patients. Here, we review and update the body of fMRI evidence on visual cortical plasticity.

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“…Significant gray matter reduction within the primary visual cortex emerged from many studies using VBM (Hernowo et al, 2011 ; Li et al, 2012 ; Zikou et al, 2012 ; Chen W. W. et al, 2013 ; Williams et al, 2013 ; Frezzotti et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Jiang et al, 2017 ; Giorgio et al, 2018 ). Specifically, a significant reduction was found only in the anterior part of occipital pole (Boucard et al, 2007 ) strengthen the idea of retinotopic damage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent of gray matter atrophy was dependent on the level of glaucoma severity (Li et al, 2012 ; Zhang et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). Indeed, Frezzotti et al found lower gray matter volume only in advanced POAG (Frezzotti et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of Visual Pathway and Brain Connectivity in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

2018

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Background: Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The increasing interest in the involvement of the cortical visual pathway in glaucomatous patients is due to the implications in recent therapies, such as neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.Objective: In this review, we outline the current understanding of brain structural, functional, and metabolic changes detected with the modern techniques of neuroimaging in glaucomatous subjects.Methods: We screened MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, LILACS, Trip Database, and NICE for original contributions published until 31 October 2017. Studies with at least six patients affected by any type of glaucoma were considered. We included studies using the following neuroimaging techniques: functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), voxel- based Morphometry (VBM), surface-based Morphometry (SBM), diffusion tensor MRI (DTI).Results: Over a total of 1,901 studies, 56 case series with a total of 2,381 patients were included. Evidence of neurodegenerative process in glaucomatous patients was found both within and beyond the visual system. Structural alterations in visual cortex (mainly reduced cortex thickness and volume) have been demonstrated with SBM and VBM; these changes were not limited to primary visual cortex but also involved association visual areas. Other brain regions, associated with visual function, demonstrated a certain grade of increased or decreased gray matter volume. Functional and metabolic abnormalities resulted within primary visual cortex in all studies with fMRI and MRS. Studies with rs-fMRI found disrupted connectivity between the primary and higher visual cortex and between visual cortex and associative visual areas in the task-free state of glaucomatous patients.Conclusions: This review contributes to the better understanding of brain abnormalities in glaucoma. It may stimulate further speculation about brain plasticity at a later age and therapeutic strategies, such as the prevention of cortical degeneration in patients with glaucoma. Structural, functional, and metabolic neuroimaging methods provided evidence of changes throughout the visual pathway in glaucomatous patients. Other brain areas, not directly involved in the processing of visual information, also showed alterations.

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Retinotopic Changes in the Gray Matter Volume and Cerebral Blood Flow in the Primary Visual Cortex of Patients With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Structural and functional brain changes in early- and mid-stage primary open-angle glaucoma using voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging

Structural and functional brain changes in early- and mid-stage primary open-angle glaucoma using voxel-based morphometry and functional magnetic resonance imaging

Visual Cortex Plasticity Following Peripheral Damage To The Visual System: fMRI Evidence

Changes of Visual Pathway and Brain Connectivity in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review

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