Retinoids

Gollnick, Harald; Dümmler, Ulrike

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(97)00013-8

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This sign may be useful for helping to determine the optimal dosage [379]. The dosage is then adjusted according to the treatment response, usually to between 0.5 -0.8 mg/ kg body weight/daily.…”

Section: Dosage and Dosing Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

S3 – Guidelines on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris Update 2011

Nast

Boehncke

Mrowietz

et al. 2011

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

155

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Section: Dosage and Dosing Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

S3 – Guidelines on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris Update 2011

Nast

Boehncke

Mrowietz

et al. 2011

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

155

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“…Experimental models of retinoid anti-hyperproliferative effects are also well established. For example, retinoids block several actions of TPA, including tumor promotion, induction of the polyamine synthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and an initial phase Retinoid action in several conditions, including acne [125], psoriasis [126,127], chemoprevention of cancer [128], and treatment of inherited diseases of the skin, such as the ichthyoses [129], depend on regulation of epithelial differentiation. In these cases, there is no direct indication that Vitamin A deficiency itself is causative in development of the disease, although Vitamin A-deficiency in of TPA-induced hyperproliferation in normal skin [132,133].…”

Section: B Retinoid Pharmacology In Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Applications for Ligands of Retinoid Receptors

Thacher

Vasudevan²,

Chandraratna³

2000

CPD

117

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Synthetic retinoids, ligands for the RAR and RXR members of the steroid/thyroid superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors, are used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, photoaging and cancer. Retinoid mechanisms of action for these conditions largely involve effects on epithelial differentiation and modulation of inflammation with some impact on the immune system. Retinoid medicinal chemistry in recent years has identified ligands highly specific for one of the three RAR subtypes (RAR-alpha) and for the RXR family of receptors, as well as antagonists for the RARs, RARalpha and the RXRs. Structure-activity relationships among the novel retinoid classes are reviewed along with potential therapeutic activities and side effects. RAR-alpha specific retinoids inhibit cancer cell growth but lack other retinoid toxicities, including skin irritation now ascribed to RAR-gama. RXR-specific retinoids lower blood glucose in animal models of type 2 diabetes albeit with a potential for mild hypothyroidism. Function-selective retinoids, especially a class of RAR antagonists called inverse agonists, have unexpected gene regulatory activity. Given the diverse properties and tissue distributions of the retinoid receptors, synthesis of additional classes of receptor-specific and function-selective ligands has the potential to produce novel therapeutic applications.

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“…This result was expected because, in general, retinol penetrates the skin very poorly (48). In earlier skin absorption studies conducted on human or porcine skin, retinol was barely detectable in the receptor fluid (34,49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%