Retinals and Retinols Induced By Estrogen in the Blood Plasma of <i>Xenopus Laevis</i>

Azuma, Muneaki; Irie, Toshiaki; Seki, Takaharu

doi:10.1242/jeb.178.1.89

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Whole body retinoid levels were increased in Rana temporaria tadpoles after maternal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (28). RA precursors such as retinal and retinol increase in the plasma of adult X. laevis after exposure to estrogen (29), although the effects of environmental estrogens on retinoid homeostasis have yet to be tested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Retinoic Acid Induces Hindlimb and Eye Deformities inXenopus laevis

Alsop

Brown

Kraak

2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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This study investigated the effects of dietary retinoic acid (RA) on frog hindlimb development. Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) tadpoles were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 1, 10, or 100 microg of RA/g of food for 2 or 5 d at different stages of metamorphosis. Hindlimb deformities were induced in the group fed 100 microg of RA/g of diet for 5 d. Exposures beginning at mid-hindlimb bud development induced bilaterally bent tibiafibula (bony triangles), while exposures later in hindlimb development induced deformities of the feet, including fusion of the 1st and 2nd clawed digits and reduced length of the 4th and 5th digits (due to reduced, missing, or misplaced phalanges). There were also cases of extra phalanges in the 5th digit. The eye was another target of RA exposure. In one experiment, 58% of the tadpoles fed 10 microg of RA/g had a smaller or absent right eye. Additionally, 11% of the tadpoles fed 100 microg of RA/g of diet developed a smaller or absent left eye. Waterborne heavy metals (Zn or Cu) modified RA effects on the hindlimb and eye. Co-exposure to metals and RA resulted in cases of unilateral bony triangles and reduced rates of smaller eyes. There were also cases of extra hindlimb digits in Zn-exposed animals. Dietary RA exposure in tadpoles can cause some deformities that differ from waterborne RA exposures in previous studies. RA also induced deformities that resemble those in affected wild frog populations (bony triangles), although the patterns of other deformities and missing segments (phalanges and metatarsals) are not similar to those documented in the wild.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Retinoic Acid Induces Hindlimb and Eye Deformities inXenopus laevis

Alsop

Brown

Kraak

2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Vitellin, the major yolk protein produced by a precursor protein called Vg, provides proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and other nutrients to maturing oocytes as resources for embryonic development ( Valle, 1993 ; Chen et al, 1997 ) and combines with metallic ions such as Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ and transports them to oocytes ( Taborsky, 1980 ; Ghosh & Thomas, 1995 ; Montorzi et al, 1995 ). In addition, carotenoids, thyroxine, retinol, and riboflavin can be transported to oocytes during vitellogenesis by a Vg carrier ( Ando & Hatano, 1991 ; Babin, 1992 ; Azuma et al, 1993 ; Mac Lachlan et al, 1994 ). The nutrients carried by Vg are crucial for the growth of larvae before self-feeding ( Subramoniam, 2011 ; Jia et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight of vitellogenesis patterns: A comparative analysis of the differences between the primary and secondary vitellogenesis period in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle of mud crab, scylla paramamosain

et al. 2022

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The mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, has abundant nutrients in its edible parts, ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle during the ovarian maturation stage. The ovary of S. paramamosain can re-mature after spawning during the secondary ovarian maturation period. We aimed to analyze the characteristics of the first vitellogenesis period (FVP)1 and second vitellogenesis period (SVP)2 of S. paramamosain during ovarian maturation to understand the differences in vitellogenesis patterns between the first and second ovarian maturation periods. Accordingly, the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatopancreatic index (HSI), the external and histological characteristics of the ovary and hepatopancreas, the Sp-Vg (vitellogenin, Vg) expression levels in the hepatopancreas and ovary, and the dynamics of the biochemical components in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle were determined. Based on the results, the GSI was significantly positively correlated with HSI during the FVP and significantly negatively correlated with HSI from stage Ⅳ to stage Ⅴ of the SVP. A significant difference was found between the FVP and SVP in the hepatopancreas. Notably, the hepatopancreas displayed a gradual degeneration trend during the SVP. The expression level of Sp-Vg was significantly higher in the hepatopancreas than that in the ovary during the FVP and SVP. Seventeen amino acids were detected in the hepatopancreas, ovary, and muscle during the FVP and SVP, with glutamate as the predominant amino acid. During the FVP and SVP, the C16:0 and C18:1n9c were the dominant fatty acids in the hepatopancreas and ovary, the MUFA gradually increased in the ovary and hepatopancreas, and a significant difference was found in the dynamic trend of the HUFA and SFA contents from stage Ⅳ to stage Ⅴ between the FVP and SVP. These findings indicate that the ovary can re-mature after spawning in S. paramamosain and can maintain the status of the first ovarian maturation; however, the hepatopancreas gradually degenerate during the SVP.

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“…Vg also plays an important role in the reproduction and development of oviparous animals ( Wu, 2018 ). In oviparous animals, Vg not only provides saccharides, fats, proteins, and other nutrients for the development of mature oocytes into embryos but also binds and transports metal ions (Zn 2+ , Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ), carotenoids, thyroxines, retinols, and riboflavin into oocytes ( Valle, 1993 ; Taborsky, 1980 ; Babin, 1992 ; Azuma, Irie & Seki, 1993 ; Mac, Nimpf & Schneider, 1994 ). The vast majority of studies suggest that although the Vg gene exists in larvae and males, it can be expressed only by adult females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis of female and male Decapterus macrosoma

Cai

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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Sexual growth dimorphism is a common phenomenon in teleost fish and has led to many reproductive strategies. Growth- and sex-related gene research in teleost fish would broaden our understanding of the process. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma was performed for the first time, and a high-quality reference transcriptome was constructed. After identification and assembly, a total of 58,475 nonredundant unigenes were obtained with an N50 length of 2,266 bp, and 28,174 unigenes were successfully annotated with multiple public databases. BUSCO analysis determined a level of 92.9% completeness for the assembled transcriptome. Gene expression analysis revealed 2,345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the female and male D. macrosoma, 1,150 of which were female-biased DEGs, and 1,195 unigenes were male-biased DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes including protein synthesis, growth, rhythmic processes, immune defense, and vitellogenesis. Then, we identified many growth- and sex-related genes, including Igf, Fabps, EF-hand family genes, Zp3, Zp4 and Vg. In addition, a total of 19,573 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were screened and identified from the transcriptome sequences. The results of this study can provide valuable information on growth- and sex-related genes and facilitate further exploration of the molecular mechanism of sexual growth dimorphism.

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Retinals and Retinols Induced By Estrogen in the Blood Plasma of Xenopus Laevis

Cited by 17 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary Retinoic Acid Induces Hindlimb and Eye Deformities inXenopus laevis

Dietary Retinoic Acid Induces Hindlimb and Eye Deformities inXenopus laevis

Insight of vitellogenesis patterns: A comparative analysis of the differences between the primary and secondary vitellogenesis period in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and muscle of mud crab, scylla paramamosain

Comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis of female and male Decapterus macrosoma

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