Retinal pigment epithelium in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration and photobiomodulation as a potential therapy?

Ao, Jack; Wood, J. K.; Chidlow, Glyn; Gillies, Mark C; Casson, Robert J.

doi:10.1111/ceo.13121

Cited by 87 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Epithelial cells from different anatomical sites are not identical. For example, in vivo, RPEs are postmitotic, monolayer cells (38), whereas oral keratinocytes form multilayer structures composed of differentially located dividing or postmitotic (differentiated) cells (30). Therefore, it might not be surprising if specific characteristics of in vitro infection with HCMV were to differ depending upon the type of epithelial cell studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Productively Replicates In Vitro in Undifferentiated Oral Epithelial Cells

Weng

Lee

Gelbmann

et al. 2018

J Virol

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Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) productive replication is most often studied in fibroblasts., fibroblasts amplify viral titers, but transmission and pathogenesis require the infection of other cell types, most notably epithelial cells. , the study of HCMV infection of epithelial cells has been almost exclusively restricted to ocular epithelial cells. Here we present oral epithelial cells with relevance for viral interhost transmission as an model system to study HCMV infection. We discovered that HCMV productively replicates in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) and telomerase-immortalized gingival cells (hGETs). Our work introduces oral epithelial cells for the study of HCMV productive infection, drug screening, and vaccine development. The ocular epithelial cells currently used to study HCMV infections have historical significance based upon their role in retinitis, an HCMV disease most often seen in AIDS patients. However, with the successful implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens, the incidence of HCMV retinitis has rapidly declined, and therefore, the relevance of studying ocular epithelial cell HCMV infection has decreased as well. Our introduction here of oral epithelial cells provides two alternative models for the study of HCMV infection that complement and extend the physiologic relevance of the ocular system currently in use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Cytomegalovirus Productively Replicates In Vitro in Undifferentiated Oral Epithelial Cells

Weng

Lee

Gelbmann

et al. 2018

J Virol

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“…The eye is an immune privileged site in which in ammatory responses are limited in order to minimize the risk to vision integrity [48][49][50][51][52] . RPE cells play an important role in this phenomenon by producing immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide [48][49][50][51] as well as by inhibiting immune T cells and converting T cells to regulatory (Treg) cells 52 . Therefore, the immunosuppressive ocular microenvironment around the choroid and RPE could also facilitate the establishment of MCMV latency there.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoreceptor degeneration and choroidal neovascularization in aged BALB/c mice following systemic neonatal murine cytomegalovirus infection

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a leading cause of irreversible visual dysfunction in older individuals but its genesis is poorly understood. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which infects 50 to 80% of humans, is usually acquired during early life and persists in a latent state for the life of the individual. Here we show that systemic neonatal murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection of BALB/c mice resulted in dissemination of virus to the eye where it localized to choroidal endothelial cells and RPE cells. MCMV underwent ocular latency in all neonatally infected mice and latent/persistent ocular infection was associated with expression of MCMV immediate early genes, significant upregulation of several inflammatory/angiogenic factors. AMD–like pathology, including basal lamina deposits (BLamD), subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), severe photoreceptor degeneration, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) develop in eyes of latently-infected aged mice. Our study suggests a possible viral etiology for AMD as a result of latent/persistent ocular CMV infection.

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“…В целом считают, что ВМД вызвана сочетанием генетических причин и факторов окружающей среды, то есть представляет мультифакторное заболевание [3]. Исследования патогенеза ВМД последних лет сосредоточены на патологических процессах, происходящих в ПЭС [4]. Помимо того что ПЭС является частью гематоофтальмического барьера, он выполняет ряд функций, играющих решающую роль в сохранении сетчатки и, следовательно, зрения.…”

Section: патогенез возрастной макулярной дегенерацииunclassified

Stem cell-based technologies in treatment of age-related macular degeneration patients: current state of the problem

Gayduk

Юрьевич²,

Churashov

et al. 2020

Ophthalmology Reports

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common disease of the macula the area responsible for central vision. With regard to the pathogenesis of AMD, the main focus of most researchers is on the pathological processes occurring in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is considered as the main target of the disease. For the treatment of the dry form of the disease, which accounts for about 90% of all AMD cases, up to now no effective treatment methods were elaborated, while in the therapy of the wet form, antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical treatment methods have been used with concrete success. Stem cells, possessing enormous therapeutic potential, are gradually being introduced into medical technologies, including ophthalmology. A number of pre-clinical studies have proven the safety of using cultured cells of the RPE, which gave rise to the beginning of clinical trials of the use of stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients. The review analyzes the data of scientific literature on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, pathogenetically substantiated therapies, including those using cell-based technologies, prospects and problems of using stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients.

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Retinal pigment epithelium in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration and photobiomodulation as a potential therapy?

Cited by 87 publications

References 160 publications

Human Cytomegalovirus Productively Replicates In Vitro in Undifferentiated Oral Epithelial Cells

Human Cytomegalovirus Productively Replicates In Vitro in Undifferentiated Oral Epithelial Cells

Photoreceptor degeneration and choroidal neovascularization in aged BALB/c mice following systemic neonatal murine cytomegalovirus infection

Stem cell-based technologies in treatment of age-related macular degeneration patients: current state of the problem

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