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IKKβ functions in smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular inflammatory responses and atherosclerosis development.

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Objective Inflammatory responses are the driving force of atherosclerosis development. IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator in inflammation through regulation of nuclear factor-κB, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Macrophages play an essential role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, yet the role of macrophage IKKβ in atherosclerosis remains elusive and controversial. This study aims to investigate the impact of IKKβ expression on macrophage functions and to assess the effect of myeloid-specific IKKβ deletion on atherosclerosis development. Methods and Results To explore the issue of macrophage IKKβ involvement of atherogenesis, we generated myeloid-specific IKKβ-deficient low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice (IKKβΔMyeLDLR−/−). Deficiency of IKKβ in myeloid cells did not affect plasma lipid levels but significantly decreased diet-induced atherosclerotic lesion areas in the aortic root, brachiocephalic artery, and aortic arch of low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient mice. Ablation of myeloid IKKβ attenuated macrophage inflammatory responses and decreased atherosclerotic lesional inflammation. Furthermore, deficiency of IKKβ decreased adhesion, migration, and lipid uptake in macrophages. Conclusion The present study demonstrates a pivotal role for myeloid IKKβ expression in atherosclerosis by modulating macrophage functions involved in atherogenesis. These results suggest that inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation in macrophages may represent a feasible approach to combat atherosclerosis.