Retinal photography: A window into the cardiovascular-brain link in adolescent bipolar disorder

Naiberg, Melanie R.; Hatch, Jessica; Selkirk, Beth; Fiksenbaum, Lisa; Yang, Victor X. D.; Black, Sandra E.; Kertes, Peter J.; Goldstein, Benjamin I.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.066

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Former studies using fundus cameras have reported abnormalities in retinal vasculature; venular calibers were found to be increased in SCZ patients and in unaffected co‐twins of SCZ patients . Recently, we also reported wider venules and narrower arterioles in SCZ and BD patients compared to healthy volunteers (HV) .…”

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confidence: 72%

Examination of retinal vascular trajectory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Appaji

Nagendra

Chako

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim: Evidence suggests microvascular dysfunction (wider retinal venules and narrower arterioles) in schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The vascular development is synchronous with neuronal development in the retina and brain. The retinal vessel trajectory is related to retinal nerve fiber layer thinning and cerebrovascular abnormalities in SCZ and BD and has not yet been examined. Hence, in this study we examined the retinal vascular trajectory in SCZ and BD in comparison with healthy volunteers (HV).Methods: Retinal images were acquired from 100 HV, SCZ patients, and BD patients, respectively, with a non-mydriatic fundus camera. Images were quantified to obtain the retinal arterial and venous trajectories using a validated, semiautomated algorithm. Analysis of covariance and regression analyses were conducted to examine group differences. A supervised machine-learning ensemble of bagged-trees method was used for automated classification of trajectory values.Results: There was a significant difference among groups in both the retinal venous trajectory (HV: 0.17 AE 0.08; SCZ: 0.25 AE 0.17; BD: 0.27 AE 0.20; P < 0.001) and the arterial trajectory (HV: 0.34 AE 0.15; SCZ: 0.29 AE 0.10; BD: 0.29 AE 0.11; P = 0.003) even after adjusting for age and sex (P < 0.001). On post-hoc analysis, the SCZ and BD groups differed from the HV on retinal venous and arterial trajectories, but there was no difference between SCZ and BD patients. The machine learning showed an accuracy of 86% and 73% for classifying HV versus SCZ and BD, respectively.Conclusion: Smaller trajectories of retinal arteries indicate wider and flatter curves in SCZ and BD. Considering the relation between retinal/cerebral vasculatures and retinal nerve fiber layer thinness, the retinal vascular trajectory is a potential marker for SCZ and BD. As a relatively affordable investigation, retinal fundus photography should be further explored in SCZ and BD as a potential screening measure.

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confidence: 72%

Examination of retinal vascular trajectory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Appaji

Nagendra

Chako

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to have assessed retinal microvasculature abnormalities in both SCZ and BD in comparison with healthy individuals. Results from the study show that patients with both SCZ and BD have microvascular abnormalities, that is, wider venular and narrower arteriolar diameters when HV (n = 92) SCZ (n = 98) BD (n = 87) F/t/χ 2 P adolescent BD, 14 and cigarette smoking are also associated with narrower arteriolar and wider venular diameters. 8 In the background of these findings,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…13 The only study in BD that has examined the retinal microvasculature had adolescent participants, and showed no abnormality. 14 While these studies have provided the first line of evidence for abnormal retinal vessels in SCZ and BD, the findings have not been further replicated. In addition, there have been no comparisons of such abnormalities across these two major psychoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Retinal vascular abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A window to the brain

et al. 2019

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Objectives The examination of retinal microvascular abnormalities through fundus photography is currently the best available non‐invasive technique for assessment of cerebral vascular status. Several studies in the last decade have reported higher incidences of adverse cerebrovascular events in Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, retinal microvasculature abnormalities in SCZ and BD have remained under‐explored, and no study has compared this aspect of SCZ and BD till date. Methods Retinal Images of 100 SCZ patients, BD patients, and healthy volunteers each were acquired by trained individuals using a non‐mydriatic camera with a 40‐degree field of view. The retinal images were quantified using a valid semi‐automated method. The average of left and right eye diameters of the venules and arterioles passing through the extended zone between 0.5 and 2 disc diameters from the optic disc were calculated. Results The groups differed significantly with respect to average diameters of both retinal venules (P < 0.001) and retinal arterioles (P < 0.001), after controlling for age and sex. Both SCZ and BD patients had significantly narrower arterioles and wider venules compared to HV. There were also significant differences between SCZ and BD patients; patients with BD had narrower arterioles and wider venules. Conclusion Considering the affordability and easy accessibility of the investigative procedure, retinal microvascular examination could serve as a potential screening tool to identify individuals at risk for adverse cerebrovascular events. The findings of the current study also provide a strong rationale for further systematic examination of retinal vascular abnormalities in SCZ and BD.

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“…Retinal fundus imaging is a noninvasive reliable method that can provide information about the cerebral microvascular system . However, few studies have been performed in psychiatric disorders . A longitudinal study shows that retinal vascular abnormalities are present in patients with schizophrenia before the onset of the disorder .…”

Section: Comparison Of the Retinal Measures And Growth Factor Levels mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Venular diameters were enlarged in patients with psychotic symptoms and their first‐degree relatives, in comparison to healthy controls (HC) . In BD, one study reported no significant difference between BD and HC, whereas another study reported narrowed arterioles and widened venules . Furthermore, another recent study reported that patients with BD had abnormal arteriolar or venular trajectories .…”

Section: Comparison Of the Retinal Measures And Growth Factor Levels mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal fundus imaging in bipolar disorder: A pilot study

Yusifova

Atagün

Uğurlu

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Retinal photography: A window into the cardiovascular-brain link in adolescent bipolar disorder

Cited by 26 publications

References 132 publications

Examination of retinal vascular trajectory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Examination of retinal vascular trajectory in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Retinal vascular abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A window to the brain

Retinal fundus imaging in bipolar disorder: A pilot study

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