Retinal neuropeptides in the skates, Raja clavata, R. radiata, R. oscellata (Elasmobranchii)

Bruun, Anitha; Ehinger, Berndt; Sytsma, V.; Törnqvist, Kristina

doi:10.1007/bf00214621

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…NPY-IR was detected in dog, dolphin, human, cat and rat GCL. In contrast, several studies have shown that ganglion cells of some species do not present NPY-IR; examples include baboon, pig, guinea pig, skate, rainbow trout, goldfish, killifish (Blank et al, 1997;Bruun et al, 1985Bruun et al, , 1986Kang et al, 2001;Osborne et al, 1985;Subhedar et al, 1996). In goldfish retina, NPY-IR was detected occasionally in a small number of fibers in the optic nerve, suggesting the presence of NPY in ganglion cells axons (Muske et al, 1987).…”

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In contrast, the distribution of NPY-IR fibers in the skate retina (R. clavata, R. radiate and R. oscellata) is more similar to that in mammals than to other poikilotherms. Amacrine cells with NPY-IR in cell bodies in the INL send their processes mainly to sublamina 1, but also to sublamina 2 of the IPL Often, NPY-IR fibers reach sublamina 3 and, more rarely, the other IPL sublayers (Bruun et al, 1985(Bruun et al, , 1986. In trout retina (S. gardnieri), a network of fine NPY-IR varicose nerve fibers was seen throughout the IPL.…”

Section: In Contrast Npy Stimulates the Release Of [ 3 H]-glycinementioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, some studies reveal the expression and localization of NPY in other regions of the eye. Research on the expression, localization and function of NPY in different regions of the eye started right after NPY discovery by Tatemoto (Bruun et al, 1984a(Bruun et al, , 1985(Bruun et al, , 1984bTatemoto et al, 1982). Since then, NPYimmunoreactivity (NPY-IR) has been detected in nerve fibers innervating several eye regions: anterior uvea, iris, choroid, ciliary body, ciliary epithelium, retinal cells, retinal vasculature, and others (Adeghate, 1996;Cavallotti et al, 2000;Jones and Marfurt, 1998;Lambiase et al, 2011;Nilsson, 1991;Paulsen et al, 2000;Rittig et al, 1993;Selbach et al, 2000Selbach et al, , 1998Stone et al, 1986;Trivino et al, 2005;Wetzel and Eldred, 1997;Yamaji et al, 2005;Ye et al, 1990).…”

Section: Npy System In the Eyementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The majority of NPY-immunoreactive cell bodies of amacrine cells of Skates' retinas (Raja clavata, Raja radiate and Raja oscellata) have the same size as the surrounding NPY-negative amacrine cells; however, a few and low density giant NPY-positive cells also appear in the INL. This NPY-IR is strikingly localized in small and cytoplasmic granules around the nucleus (Bruun et al, 1985(Bruun et al, , 1986. Lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) and trout (Salmo gardnieri) present a few pyriform or rounded/ovoid weakly positive amacrine cell bodies, respectively (Bruun et al, 1986;Negishi et al, 1986).…”

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function

Santos-Carvalho

Ambrósio

Cavadas

2015

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: In Contrast Npy Stimulates the Release Of [ 3 H]-glycinementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Npy System In the Eyementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Horizontal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function

Santos-Carvalho

Ambrósio

Cavadas

2015

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

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“…Glucagonlike immunoreactivity (GLI) has also been localized anatomically in the turtle , skate (Bruun, et al, 1985), mouse and rat (Das, et al, 1985), chicken (Tornqvist et al, 1981;Kuwayama et al, 1982) and larval tiger salamander retinas (Yang & Yazulla, 1986;Yang et al, 1991). Radio-immunoassay studies have found higher retinal levels of glucagon in cold blooded vertebrates and birds (10-35 pg mg -1 protein) than mammals (0.04-0.2pgmg 1 protein) (Ekman & * To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Quantitative anatomy, synaptic connectivity and physiology of amacrine cells with glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina

et al. 1996

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Although a wide variety of neuropeptides have been localized in vertebrate retinas, many questions remain about the function of these peptides and the amacrine cells that contain them. This is because many of these peptidergic amacrine cells have been studied using only immunocylochemical techniques. To address this limitation, the present study used a combination of quantitative anatomy, biochemistry and electrophysiology to examine amacrine cells in the turtle retina that contain the neuropeptide glucagon. In the turtle retina, there is a small population of 2500 glucagonergic amacrine cells, which probably represents < 1% of the total number of amacrine cells. Circular distribution statistics indicated that many of these tristratified amacrine cells had asymmetric dendritic arborizations that were radially oriented toward the retinal periphery. The cells were found to have similar dendritic coverage factors, to be distributed in a non-random arrangement in all regions of the retina, and to peak in density in the visual streak region. Electron microscopic studies indicated that glucagonergic amacrine cells made synaptic contacts primarily with other amacrine cells, and small numbers of bipolar cells. The synaptic inputs and outputs were balanced in the inner strata of the inner plexiform layer, and were biased toward synaptic outputs in the outer strata of the inner plexiform layer. These contacts involved small unlabelled synaptic vesicles, and not the large labelled dense core vesicles also found in these neurons. The biochemical studies indicated that glucagon could be released from the retina in a calcium dependent manner by high potassium stimulation. The electrophysiology found no color opponency, and the glucagonergic amacrine cells gave sustained hyperpolarizing responses to small stimulation spots and had antagonistic surrounds. The results of these studies suggest that there are significant regional specializations of glucagonergic amacrine cells, and that they may provide OFF-modulation in interactions between the ON-and OFF-centre visual pathways in the turtle retina.

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Neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans

Isayama

Eldred

1988

J of Comparative Neurology

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Antiserum directed against neuropeptide Y selectively labeled certain amacrine cells in the turtle retina. The cell types, sizes, dendritic stratification, regional distribution, and degrees of immunolabeling were examined. The results indicated that three morphologically distinct cell types were labeled: types A, B, and C. Computer rotation of digitized data from camera lucida drawings was used to study dendritic stratification. The type A somata were large (11.5 micron in diameter), well-stained, and located in the third tier of the inner nuclear layer. Type A somata gave rise to well-stained processes which arborized within the inner plexiform layer in strata 1 and 3 and at the border between strata 4 and 5. Processes in stratum 1 were sparse and delicate with small boutons. Processes in stratum 3 were numerous and often coarse, with many large and small boutons. At the border between strata 4 and 5 the processes were frequently numerous but slender, with many small boutons. Occasional immunolabeled processes were found in the ganglion cell layer. The somata of the type B cells were smaller (9.0 micron in diameter) and gave rise to single labeled processes which descended into the inner plexiform layer and divided quickly into two secondary processes. These secondary processes gave rise to lightly labeled dendritic fields which arborized primarily in strata 2 and 4. The type C cells were usually observed at the periphery of the retina and had large somata (12.0 micron in diameter) with simple, but very elongated, dendritic arborizations in strata 1, 4, and 5. Observations also showed that type A and B cells were often found in close proximity to each other and suggested that dendrites of these cells made contact with each other. The labeled neurons were distributed relatively evenly throughout the retina except for the visual streak where they were sparse. This study indicates that neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity is found in more than one anatomically distinct class of amacrine cells in the turtle retina.

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Retinal neuropeptides in the skates, Raja clavata, R. radiata, R. oscellata (Elasmobranchii)

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function

Neuropeptide Y system in the retina: From localization to function

Quantitative anatomy, synaptic connectivity and physiology of amacrine cells with glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the turtle retina

Neuropeptide Y‐immunoreactive amacrine cells in the retina of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans

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