“…The interactive and pleiotropic nature of signaling molecules is particularly significant in view of the abundance and diversity of such molecules in the retina (e.g., Campochiaro et al, 1996; Hallbook et al, 1996; Schoen and Chader, 1997; Hicks, 1998; Belecky‐Adams et al, 1999; Frade et al, 1999; Belecky‐Adams and Adler, 2001; Carri, 2003; Yang, 2004). Retinal cell differentiation, moreover, can be influenced not only by secreted molecules but also by contact‐mediated interactions (Linser and Moscona et al, 1984; Moscona et al, 1988; Hausman et al, 1993; Henrique et al, 1997; Layer et al, 1998; Prada et al, 1998; Becker and Mobbs, 1999). Not surprisingly, therefore, a picture of high complexity has emerged since the development of techniques and reagents for loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments made it possible to investigate the role of extracellular signals not only in cell culture, but also within the complexity of the intact embryo.…”