Reticular Nanoscience: Bottom-Up Assembly Nanotechnology

Abstract

The chemistry of metal–organic and covalent organic frameworks (MOFs and COFs) is perhaps the most diverse and inclusive among the chemical sciences, and yet it can be radically expanded by blending it with nanotechnology. The result is reticular nanoscience, an area of reticular chemistry that has an immense potential in virtually any technological field. In this perspective, we explore the extension of such an interdisciplinary reach by surveying the explored and unexplored possibilities that framework nanoparticles can offer. We localize these unique nanosized reticular materials at the juncture between the molecular and the macroscopic worlds, and describe the resulting synthetic and analytical chemistry, which is fundamentally different from conventional frameworks. Such differences are mirrored in the properties that reticular nanoparticles exhibit, which we described while referring to the present state-of-the-art and future promising applications in medicine, catalysis, energy-related applications, and sensors. Finally, the bottom-up approach of reticular nanoscience, inspired by nature, is brought to its full extension by introducing the concept of augmented reticular chemistry. Its approach departs from a single-particle scale to reach higher mesoscopic and even macroscopic dimensions, where framework nanoparticles become building units themselves and the resulting supermaterials approach new levels of sophistication of structures and properties.

Metalated covalent organic frameworks: from synthetic strategies to diverse applications

“…804 COFs are latecomers, since they joined the nanooncology candidate library in the 2010s, but they have shown some advantages. 117,714,805,806 COFs are highly diverse in terms of structure, particle size, charge, hydrophilicity, surface chemistry and other physicochemical properties, 807 and thus, their biological interactions are not only manifold but also controllable, with great scope for customization. 808 As nanoplatforms, COFs easily integrate multiple diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to achieve nanotheranostics.…”

Electroactive Covalent Organic Framework Enabling Photostimulus-Responsive Devices

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are known as predesigned two-or three-dimensional network structures with an atomic-precise distribution of atoms and pores. 1,2 An increasing number of COFs with abundant structural diversities are actively being synthesized and explored in a wide range of applications, including separation, 3−7 catalysis, 8−13 optoelectronics, 14−19 energy storage, 20−23 etc. Among these, 2D COFs attract particular interest in the field of organic electronics because of their high crystallinity, structural tunability, and their graphene-like 2D layered features.…”

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are known as predesigned two- or three-dimensional network structures with an atomic-precise distribution of atoms and pores. , An increasing number of COFs with abundant structural diversities are actively being synthesized and explored in a wide range of applications, including separation, − catalysis, − optoelectronics, − energy storage, − etc. Among these, 2D COFs attract particular interest in the field of organic electronics because of their high crystallinity, structural tunability, and their graphene-like 2D layered features. − Electroactive COFs are investigated from multiple design strategies, for instance, by introducing known electroactive building blocks into the frameworks or by focusing on creating full conjugation over the network. , Electroactive COFs are actively applied in various devices such as photodetectors, − field-effect transistors, − and electrochromic devices. , The exploration of new chemical structures to improve electroactivity receives much attention, yet the other talent of COFs, their large porosity, is comparatively neglected in device applications.…”

The chemistry behind room temperature synthesis of hafnium and cerium UiO-66 derivatives

“…16 Hf UiO-66 nanoparticles can also be used for cancer treatment 21,22 because they are relatively safe, exhibit high drug/gene loading capacities, and readily degrade in the body. [23][24][25][26] Ce UiO-66 exhibits photooxidative properties due to the facile switching of Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ redox couple, making it useful in photocatalysis, oxidation catalysis, and redox reactions. 27 The existing literature presents a few examples of one-and multistep RT syntheses of Zr UiO-66.…”