Reticular Chemistry and Metal-Organic Frameworks for Clean Energy

Abstract

Reticular chemistry concerns the linking of molecular building blocks into predetermined structures using strong bonds. We have been working on creating and developing the conceptual and practical basis of this new area of research. As a result, new classes of crystalline porous materials have been designed and synthesized: metal-organic frameworks, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. Crystals of this type have exceptional surface areas (2,000−6,000 m2/g) and take up voluminous amounts of hydrogen (7.5 wt% at 77 K and 3−4 × 106 Pa), methane (50 wt% at 298 K and 2.5 × 106 Pa), and carbon dioxide (140 wt% at 298 K and 3 × 106 Pa). We have driven the basic science all the way to applications without losing sight of our quest for understanding the underlying molecular aspects of this chemistry. The presentation was focused on the design concepts, synthesis, and structure of these materials, with emphasis on their applications to onboard energy storage.

Application of metal − organic frameworks

“…The idea of molecular building blocks linked into predetermined structures using strong bonds created the conceptual and practical basis of a new research area, namely reticular chemistry . An incredible number of coordination polymers in which the assembly of molecular crystals is held together by hydrogen bonds or the metals are connected by multitopic organic components such as 4,4′‐bipyridyl (4,4′‐bpy) are being reported; however, MOFs are defined as compounds in which all the components are linked by strong covalent bonds …”

“…7 An incredible number of coordination polymers in which the assembly of molecular crystals is held together by hydrogen bonds or the metals are connected by multitopic organic components such as 4,4 ′ -bipyridyl (4,4 ′ -bpy) are being reported; however, MOFs are defined as compounds in which all the components are linked by strong covalent bonds. 8,9 The main MOF feature is porosity, which makes these organic − inorganic hybrid materials similar to zeolites. Some of them have record surface areas exceeding those in zeolites.…”

Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Graphene Nanocomposite as a Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which consist of metal ions or clusters connected by organic linkers, constitute one of the most substantial progresses in the field of nanoporous materials and have many practical applications, such as gas storage, gas separation, catalytic activity, drug delivery, and sensors . As MOFs possess a high density of metal ion sites and a high surface area, these porous frameworks are interesting as sacrificial materials to be pyrolyzed in the synthesis of nonprecious metal catalysts .…”

Pb(II) Coordination Polymer Based on Mixed Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, Photoluminescence, and Photocatalysis

“…The current interest in the crystal engineering of coordination polymers (CPs) stems not only from their fascinating molecular topologies but also from their potential applications as smart porous [1][2][3][4][5], catalytic [6][7][8], magnetic [9,10], and optical materials [11,12]. Among all these CPs, it is found that polycarboxylate anions exhibit versatile coordination fashions to interlink metal atoms to generate intriguing variety of architectures and topologies.…”