Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Graphene Nanocomposite as a Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media

Sohrabi, Samaneh; Dehghanpour, Saeed; Ghalkhani, Masoumeh

doi:10.1002/cctc.201600298

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Although molecular catalysis by iron porphyrins has provided valuable mechanistic insights into the two‐electron/two‐proton vs. four‐electron/four‐proton reduction of O 2 , a large number of heterogeneous iron‐based materials were reported to act as much better catalysts for electrochemical reduction of O 2 than homogeneous iron complex catalysts . Even better ORR electrocatalytic performance has been reported for a two dimensional (2D) poly‐iron‐phthalocyanine PFe‐Pc, than for the state‐of‐the‐art 20 % platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst in alkaline medium.…”

Section: Iron Complex Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Two‐Electron versus Four‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes

2017

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The two‐electron reduction of dioxygen with two protons produces hydrogen peroxide, which is directly used as a liquid fuel in hydrogen peroxide fuel cells, whereas the four‐electron reduction of dioxygen is combined with the two‐electron oxidation of hydrogen in hydrogen fuel cells. Platinum (Pt)‐based nanocomposites are the most efficient commercial electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the poor stability, scarcity and high cost of these Pt‐based oxygen electrocatalysts are major barriers for the large‐scale implementation of fuel cell technologies. Replacing noble metal‐based electrocatalysts with highly efficient and inexpensive earth‐abundant metal‐based oxygen electrocatalysts has been of critical importance for practical applications. To develop efficient catalysts for the two‐electron and four‐electron reduction of dioxygen, it is crucially important to clarify the catalytic mechanisms of two‐electron/two‐proton versus four‐electron/four‐proton reduction of dioxygen with earth‐abundant metal complexes. This review focused on the factors that control the two‐electron/two‐proton versus four‐electron/four‐proton reduction of dioxygen by electron donors (one electron reductants) such as ferrocene, catalyzed by earth‐abundant metal complexes such as iron, cobalt, copper, manganese and nickel complexes in the homogeneous phase, by detecting catalytic intermediates, which determine the catalytic pathways of the two‐electron versus four‐electron reduction of dioxygen. The electrocatalytic two‐electron or/and four‐electron reduction of dioxygen with earth‐abundant metal complexes and metal oxides has also been discussed in relation with the homogeneous catalysis.

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Section: Iron Complex Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Two‐Electron versus Four‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes

2017

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“…The results showed that the oxygen reduction was irreversible, and the peak current and the scan rate exhibited an excellent linear relationship, which indicated that the reduction process was adsorption controlled. Furthermore, the stability and recyclability of the PCN‐222‐G‐py electrocatalyst were confirmed by immersing PCN‐222‐G‐py‐GCE in an O 2 ‐saturated 0.5 m H 2 SO 4 solution several times, and the same CVs results were obtained …”

Section: Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Metal‐Organic Frameworks/Graphene‐Based Materials: Preparations and Applications

Zheng

Xue

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

246

107

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of crystalline porous materials, can be applied in many fields as adsorbents, supercapacitors, catalysts, and so on because of, among others, their superior properties of large surface area, tunable pore size, diverse structures. However, the low stability and selectivity of traditional MOFs indicate that they are not the best configuration for the applications outlined above. In this case, a type of composite made from an assembly of graphene-based materials and MOFs that exhibits the advantages of the parent materials has attracted widespread attention in recent years. This review provides an overview of the recent developments of MOF/graphene-based materials, focusing on their applications in gas separation/storage, water purification, chemical sensors, batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysts, as well as their preparation methods.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804950. traditional method, they can be excellent alternatives of single MOFs to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties. [34][35][36][37][38] Graphene-based materials have recently introduced new possible applications because of their unique structure and low toxicity, as well as their excellent electronic, thermal, electrochemical, and mechanical properties. [39] More recently, many reports have confirmed that the introduction of graphene-based materials into other materials can lead to surprising improvements in electronic conductivity and stability. [38,40] Under these circumstances, it is reasonable to consider whether composites made from the assembly of graphene-based materials and MOFs possess extraordinary characteristics given that the parent materials have complementary properties. [40][41][42] Naturally, the idea of hybridizing graphene derivatives with MOFs materialized and soon attracted widespread attention. [43][44][45] According to recent research, composites of MOF/graphene-based materials can integrate the advantages and mitigate the shortcomings of the individual components perfectly, enabling the composites to possess improved stability, enhanced electrical conductivity, high selectivity, and template effects. [34,[46][47][48][49] With the combination of MOF and graphene-based materials, the unexpected interactions take place and bring unique performance in many applications. Thanks to the ionic groups and the aromatic sp 2 domains, graphene-based materials can not only function as structural nodes, but also participate in bonding interactions, which would be more active in MOFs. What's more, carboxylate and pyridine groups of graphene-based materials play important part in the assemble, which could enhance the coordination bonding and guide the growth of MOF, providing a more beneficial structure. These special interactions are unique in MOF/graphenebased materials, which indicates that this kind of materials deserve more attention. As concluded in Scheme 1, the addition of graphene-based material...

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“…Similarly, several other examples of MOFs/graphene (or rGO) composites also exhibited much enhanced electrocatalytic activities for OER or ORR. [ 94–98 ] Besides graphene or rGO, it is also feasible to fabricate MOFs composites with other conductive materials, including activated carbon (AC), [ 99 ] Mxene, [ 100,101 ] CNTs, [ 102–104 ] carbon black, [ 105 ] and Ag nanowires. [ 106 ] The obtained composite usually exhibited greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activities compared with the pure MOF owing to the synergistic effect between the two components that facilitate the electrochemical processes.…”

Section: Pristine Mofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating Metal–Organic Frameworks as Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysts

Gao

Feng

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

121

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Oxygen‐related electrocatalysis, including those used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), play a central role in green‐energy related technologies. Rational fabrication of effective oxygen electrocatalysts is crucial for the development of oxygen related energy devices, such as fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries. Recently, owing to their tunable compositions and microstructures, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based materials have drawn extensive attention as nonprecious oxygen electrocatalysts. Various strategies have been developed to fabricate MOF‐based electrocatalysts and regulate their active sites, such as heterometal doping, defect engineering, morphology tuning, heterostructure construction, and hybridization. In this review, by focusing on various modulation strategies aiming at active sites, the recent advances of MOF‐based electrocatalysts are summarized. The synthetic methods used to synthesize various MOF‐based oxygen electrocatalysts are discussed, followed by the underlying engineering mechanisms required to allow performance enhancement, and finally some existing challenges that hinder for their practical applications are discussed alongside a perspective on their possible future.

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Three‐Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Graphene Nanocomposite as a Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Media

Cited by 53 publications

References 65 publications

Mechanisms of Two‐Electron versus Four‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes

Mechanisms of Two‐Electron versus Four‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by Earth‐Abundant Metal Complexes

Metal‐Organic Frameworks/Graphene‐Based Materials: Preparations and Applications

Modulating Metal–Organic Frameworks as Advanced Oxygen Electrocatalysts

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