Rethinking Science and Commodifying Knowledge

Jacob, Merle

doi:10.2304/pfie.2003.1.1.3

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Central to this is a growing concern about academics being captured by the ethos of commercialism as they engage in for-profit science. Critics of the entrepreneurial paradigm see academics as 'promoters as well as victims' of commercialization (Jacob, 2003) who internalise the 'intrinsic value of money' under the academic capitalist knowledge regime (Slaughter, 2001;Slaughter and Rhoades, 2004). Proponents of the entrepreneurial university (Clark, 1998;Etzkowitz, 1998) also underline the for-profit motive in their analysis of the 'new school' entrepreneurial scientist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The School of Management Working Paper Series is published to circulate the results of on-going research to a wider audience and to facilitate intellectual exchange and debate. The papers have been through a refereeing process and will subsequently be published in a revised form. Requests for permission to reproduce any article or part of the Working Paper should be sent to the publisher of this series. ABSTRACTThis paper employs the three concepts of 'gold' (financial rewards), 'ribbon' (reputational/career rewards) and 'puzzle' (intrinsic satisfaction) to examine the extrinsic and intrinsic aspects of scientists' motivation for pursuing commercial activities. The study is based on 36 individual interviews and an on-line questionnaire survey of 735 scientists from five major UK research universities. It finds that there is a diversity of motivations for commercial engagement, and that many do so for reputational and intrinsic reasons and that financial rewards play a relatively small part. The paper draws on self-determination theory in social psychology to analyse the relationship between scientists' value orientations with regard to commercial engagement and their personal motivations. It finds that those with traditional beliefs about the separation of science from commerce are more likely to be extrinsically motivated, using commercialization as a means to obtain resources to support their quest for the 'ribbon'. In contrast, those identify closely with entrepreneurial norms are intrinsically motivated by the autonomy and 'puzzle-solving' involved in applied commercial research while also motivated by the 'gold'. The study highlights the primacy of scientists' self motivation, and suggests that a fuller explanation of their commercial behaviour will need to consider a broader mix of motives to include the social and affective aspects of intrinsic motivation. In conclusion, the paper argues that policy to encourage commercial engagement should build on reputational and intrinsic rather than purely financial motivations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Central to this is a growing concern that academics are becoming captured by the ethos of commercialism and the growth of a 'for-profit' motive among the new school entrepreneurial scientist (Jacob 2003;Slaughter and Rhoades 2004). While there is ample evidence of increased academic engagement in commercial activities such as patenting and spin-off company formation (D'Este and Patel 2007;Siegel et al 2007), what remains unclear is whether or not this reflects the growth of a uniform category of entrepreneurial scientists driven by a common motive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Scientists and Knowledge Commercialization: Self-Determination and Diverse Motivations

Lam

2014

Incentives and Performance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter draws on self-determination theory to explain the mix of pecuniary and non-pecuniary motivational drivers underlying academic scientists' commercial pursuits. It examines the diversity of their personal motivations for knowledge commercialization and how this is influenced by their values and beliefs about the science-business relationship. It argues that scientists can be extrinsically or intrinsically motivated to different degrees in their pursuit of knowledge commercialization, depending how far they have internalized the values associated with it. Beyond reputational and financial rewards, intrinsic motivations (e.g., pro-social norms and hedonic motivation) are also powerful drivers of commercial engagement. The conventional assumption that scientists are motivated by reputational rewards and the intrinsic satisfaction of puzzle-solving in academic research while commercial engagement is driven primarily by the pursuit of the financial rewards builds on a false dichotomy and polarized view of human motivation.

show abstract

“…El avance en la colaboración entre ambos entes se ha dado a partir de una creciente dependencia de los presupuestos de investigación a prioridades industrialmente relevantes y se desarrollan programas que impulsan la promoción de actitudes empresariales en estudiantes y centros educativos (JACOB, 2003).…”

Section: Figura 3: Perspectiva De La Universidad Emprendedoraunclassified

Desafíos de la universidad emprendedora, acercamientos para su gestión

González-García¹,

Ferreira-Leite²,

Bulhões

2018

Desenv

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Resumen: Este texto se circunscribe en la refl exión con el fi n de contribuir al debate sobre cómo desarrollar la universidad emprendedora en un proceso en el que juega un papel clave en la transferencia de tecnología y conocimiento. Pretende aportar a la consolidación de la universidad como formadora de emprendedores capaces de responder de manera oportuna a las legítimas aspiraciones de la sociedad moderna que está transformando el conocimiento en riqueza. La capacidad para llevar a cabo emprendimientos es fundamental para la prosperidad de la humanidad.Palabras clave: Emprendedurismo; Transferencia de Tecnología y Conocimiento; Universidad Emprendedora. Challenges of the Entrepreneurial University, approaches for its managementAbstract: This text is limited to the refl ection made by the authors in order to contribute to the debate on how to develop the entrepreneurial university, in a process in which plays a key role in the transfer of technology and knowledge. It is intended that this work will contribute to the consolidation of the university as a trainer of entrepreneurs able to respond in a timely manner, the legitimate aspirations of the modern society that is transforming knowledge into wealth. Freedom to undertake ventures should also be one because people with knowledge equals more wealth generation. The ability to carry out projects is essential for the prosperity of mankind. It's not greed that drives successful societies.Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Transfer of Technology and Knowledge; Entrepreneurial University. IntroducciónSi refl exionamos en la cuestión de que los jóvenes tienen derechos claramente establecidos a través de los principios universales (Naciones Unidas) para desarrollar todo su potencial en el ámbito laboral como son: la universalidad, la indivisibilidad, la igualdad, y la efi ciencia; esto implica para las universidades que una parte importante al formar profesionistas incluya el emprendimiento o emprededurismo. Desde el punto de vista del perfi l del egresado debiera estar considerado, ya que al dejar las aulas se estarán insertando en el ámbito laboral. Y es que es que acontece que a lo largo del desarrollo académico del estudiante que puede ir fomentando habilidades a través de los contenidos de los programas de estudio.

show abstract

Rethinking Science and Commodifying Knowledge

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?

What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commercialization: ‘Gold’, ‘ribbon’ or ‘puzzle’?

Academic Scientists and Knowledge Commercialization: Self-Determination and Diverse Motivations

Desafíos de la universidad emprendedora, acercamientos para su gestión

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About