Retheorizing state-led gentrification and minority displacement in the Global South-East

Shmaryahu-Yeshurun, Yael

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2022.103881

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Also enacted during this period were the "Judea and Samaria Settlement Regulation Law" (later struck out by the High Court); the Acceptance Communities Law (which allows hundreds of Jewish gated communities to screen their in-coming residents); and the "boycott law, " deterring Israelis from advocating boycott against Israeli institutions anywhere. Settler-colonial institutions also initiated additional moves such as establishing dozens of Jewish pastoral farms occupying large areas of the West Bank, constructing several dozen new residential "outposts" in the West Bank, continuing efforts to settle Jews and displace Bedouins in the Negev/Naqab, and establishing and funding urban settler groups ("Gar'inim") in order to Judaize both ethnically and religiously, in Israeli cities (Shmaryahu-Yeshurun, 2022;Yacobi et al, 2022).…”

Section: The Colonial Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Deepening apartheid: The political geography of colonizing Israel/Palestine

Yiftachel

2023

Front. Polit. Sci.

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The paper analyzes the regime in Israel/Palestine using a political geographical perspective. It demonstrates how a combination of colonial, national, capitalist and liberal forces have put in train a process of “deepening apartheid” in the entire territory controlled by Israel—between River and Sea. This undeclared regime has been established to guard the 'achievements' of settler colonial Judaization of the land and the domination of the Jewish minority. As described by the Rome Statute, it has become an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one group over others, with the intention of maintaining that regime. Hence the political geographical analysis shows clearly that the wide description in academic and international circles of Israel as “Jewish and democratic,” is based on a denial of the clear racialized hierarchy of civil statuses. This setting enhances Jewish supremacy (using different methods) it in all regions, while Palestinians are fragmented into lower rungs on the ethnic hierarchy—de facto and de jure—thereby contradicting the tenets of democratic civil equality. Theoretically, the paper draws on the links between settler colonial expansion, the rise of ethnocracy, partial liberalization under global capitalism, and the making of apartheid. It shows that historically Jewish colonization of Palestine—the underlying logic of the regime—has advanced in six main historical-geographical stages, encountering persistent, and at times violent, Palestinian resistance. The paper then analyzes in more detail the emergence of one regime between River and Sea, in which the state uses military, spatial, economic, and legal powers, as well as geopolitical maneuvering (particularly US support) to oppress Palestinians, while promoting democratic rights and economic development among Jews. This has enabled Israel to integrate and “whiten” Mizrahi and other Jewish groups into mainstream Zionism. Rivaling Palestinian political projects have been fragmented, ghettoized, attacked violently, and severely weakened. The paper shows how Jewish colonization, on both sides of the Green Line (which has also included some tactical withdrawals), has led to the establishment of four hierarchical types of citizenship, governed as “separate and unequal”. The relations between the groups resemble the racialized categories used in Apartheid South Africa and include (a) “White”—Jewish Israelis—with full citizenship rights; (b) “Colored”—Palestinian Arabs with Israeli citizenship with partial rights; (c) “Black”—Palestinians under occupation lacking citizenship or political rights; (d) “Gray”—an emerging group, consisting of non-citizen migrants and asylum seekers.

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Section: The Colonial Momentummentioning

confidence: 99%

Deepening apartheid: The political geography of colonizing Israel/Palestine

Yiftachel

2023

Front. Polit. Sci.

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“…This study adopts the South-eastern perspective (Yiftachel, 2020), and will borrow the term ‘state-led ethno-gentrification’ (Shmaryahu-Yeshurun, 2022; Shmaryahu-Yeshurun and Ben-Porat, 2021) to describe the phenomenon under investigation. As Shmaryahu-Yeshurun (2022) argues, in Israeli mixed cities, minority displacement is a direct product of a nation-state’s territorialisation project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settlement policy in an Israeli mixed city: A typology of displacement and its resistance

Shmaryahu-Yeshurun

2023

Urban Studies

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Urban Studies from the Global North highlight the physical displacement of lower-income residents as urban development policies’ central transgression. However, looking only at the class-physical angle of displacement narrows our understanding of other aspects of power relations in space. This research focuses on Israel’s policy encouraging the settlement of middle-class Zionist associations in the city of Lydda. The study argues that in a state of ethnonational conflict, displacement has various manifestations: physical, political, religious, cultural and especially ethnonational. This policy causes long-term residents both hardships and benefits depending on their religious, ethnonational and class affiliations. Therefore, residents express different intensities and patterns of support, ambivalence, or resistance towards the policy. This study suggests a typology of displacement and its implications for different patterns of resistance. Moreover, it calls for scholarly recognition of displacement beyond physical and class aspects.

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“…Therefore, a new deal for the housing apparatus is needed. For this new housing 'reliance system' (Schafran et al, 2021) to exist, the debate is not about who owns the existing housing supply, either the State or the financialized or real estate barons, but deconcentrating power within the housing market itself and bringing part of this power to people and mid-sized and small industries to reduce the shortage. Since the 1960s, architect John Turner has advocated this type of solution, and it is urgent to revisit it.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, different forms of spatial devaluation and spatial cleansing allow the extraction of landed economic profit with violent and racist means comparable to those seen in Canada until recently but exerted against the urban population as a global trend. In many cities of the world, there are particularly violent forms of ethnic and class oppression motivated by land capitalization, like the favela redevelopment in Brazil (Comelli et al, 2018) or Israel/Palestine (Shmaryahu-Yeshurun, 2022) or gentrification's several stages in China (He, 2019).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…I wished the "Convención Constitucional" had previously read Erik Olin Wright's (2015) essay on how to be ultimately an anticapitalist by working with small-scale chains of supply or Schafran et al's (2021) 'The Spatial Contract' book presenting interconnected reliance systems and the necessary treaties citizens need to establish with the State and the market, to solve concrete human and ecological problems. Both present scenarios beyond any form of human exploitation, aware of the limited resources available, and in a wellintended manner.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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