Retention of phosphorus in peatland buffer zones at six forested catchments in southern Finland

Väänänen, Riitta; Nieminen, Mika; Vuollekoski, Martti; Nousiainen, Hannu; Sallantaus, Tapani; Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina; Ilvesniemi, Hannu

doi:10.14214/sf.253

Cited by 38 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Hitherto, a large buffer area has been considered the most important factor for nutrient binding (e.g. Väänänen et al 2008). Here we assume that the distribution of vegetation and the species composition displays the effective area of the water paths flowing in the buffer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Change in Peatland Buffers as an Indicator of Active Areas of Run-On from Forestry

Saari

Luotonen

et al. 2010

Annales Botanici Fennici

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Our aim in this study was to evaluate whether coverage change in the vegetation of a forestry buffer wetland can be used to reveal a possible increase in nutrients. To achieve this, we followed changes in vegetation on two peatland buffers, and biomass with nitrogen content in one of them. Nutrient concentrations were periodically lower in the water inflow than in the outflow. Flooding caused a species change in favor of flood-tolerant grasses and Sphagna, but this species composition did not indicate a higher trophic level. Nitrogen content in the reference site's original surface peat layer, which was rich in woody remains, was higher than that of the newly formed, more acidic Sphagnum peat of the spruce swamp buffer. Changes in biomass did not indicate an increased nutrient-binding capacity of the spruce swamp buffer vegetation. On the other hand, the changes in species cover outlined the area of effective water flow paths within the buffer and suggested that severe eutrophication of peatland forestry buffers does not seem likely.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetation Change in Peatland Buffers as an Indicator of Active Areas of Run-On from Forestry

Saari

Luotonen

et al. 2010

Annales Botanici Fennici

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“…The best-performing (NO 3 -N retention 93.3-99.9 %) three wetland buffers in the study by Vikman et al (2010) were all >100 m long and with no visible flow channels, while the 30 m long Asusuo buffer with a continuous flow channel across the buffer area had a NO 3 -N retention capacity of <16 %. As the P retention capacity of the Asusuo buffer was also poor (Väänänen et al 2008), Hynninen et al (2010) question the rationale of constructing such small and short buffers.…”

Section: Buffer Size and Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrological loading entering the buffer area and its temporal variability are considered to be one of the key factors (Väänänen et al 2008). During high-flow episodes, the water residence time is short and the short contact time between nutrient sinks and through-flow water nutrients, as well as the formation of flow channels across the buffer, decreases the retention efficiency ( Fig.…”

Section: Nutrient and Hydrological Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the efficiency of wetland buffers in reducing P load has varied from complete 100 % retention (Kubin et al 2000) through partial P removal (Silvan et al 2005a, b;Väänänen et al 2008) to even increased leaching of phosphate (Sallantaus et al 1998;Liljaniemi et al 2003;Vasander et al 2003). Similarly, the retention of ammonium (NH 4 -N) in six wetland buffers receiving runoff from upstream ditch-network maintenance areas ranged from clearly negative to complete 100 % retention capacity (Hynninen et al 2011b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural and Restored Wetland Buffers in Reducing Sediment and Nutrient Export from Forested Catchments: Finnish Experiences

Nieminen

Kaila

Koskinen

et al. 2014

The Role of Natural and Constructed Wetlands in Nutrient Cycling and Retention on the Landscape

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One of the water quality management practices in forested catchments is to construct wetland buffers between managed areas and recipient water courses. Wetland buffers can be constructed simply by routing runoff from forested areas to natural peatlands and wetlands, or by rewetting lower sections of drained peatlands by filling in or blocking the drainage ditches. The use of natural and restored wetland buffers for reducing nutrient and sediment export from forested catchments, particularly catchments dominated by forestry-drained peatlands, has been studied actively in Finland during the last 15 years. The studies have shown highly variable retention capacity for wetland buffers with different site characteristics and under different environmental conditions. In favorable conditions, high amounts of sediments and adhered mineral elements may be deposited within peat and surface vegetation of the buffer. Dissolved nutrients can be retained biologically into plant

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“…If rewetting ceases the high CO2 emissions from old peat measured in drained sites (Ojanen et al 2013), significant carbon benefits are expected -but only if the decreased CO2 emissions are not counteracted by increased CH4 emissions from the blocked ditches and other new wet habitats (Cooper et al 2014, Koskinen et al 2012. Spruce swamp forests rewetted as buffer zones for runoff waters have functioned as efficient sinks for dissolved organic matter (Nieminen et al 2005b) and, after more than six years after rewetting, for phosphorus (Väänänen et al 2008) and nitrogen (Vikman et al 2010). During the first (seven) years after rewetting though, rewetting of spruce swamp forest may increase leaching of phosphorus, nitrogen and total organic carbon (Nieminen et al 2005a, Koskinen et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of ecosystem structure and function in boreal spruce swamp forests

Maanavilja¹

2015

Diss. For.

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To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry of the University of Helsinki, for public criticism in lecture room B2, B-building (Viikki Campus, Latokartanonkaari 7, Helsinki) on May 8 th 2015, at 12 o'clock noon. Drainage to increase timber production has drastically decreased the area of undrained spruce swamp forests in northern Europe. In restoration by rewetting, drainage ditches are blocked to restore the original hydrology and, ultimately, the structure, function and ecosystem services of undrained boreal spruce swamp forests. This study quantifies the restoration success of rewetting regarding plant community composition, moss community carbon assimilation potential, Sphagnum biomass production and surface peat biogeochemistry, and aims to determine the main controls of success. The study sites comprised 18 rewetted, nine undrained and nine drained spruce swamp forests in southern Finland, complemented by sites in the Šumava Mountains, Czech Republic. Drainage had taken place decades prior; the rewetted sites varied in their rewetting age from 1 to 15 years. The results show that rewetting has to raise the water table above a threshold to initiate any changes in the drained ecosystem. If the threshold is crossed, the changes that occur will be rapid. Two strands of development emerged throughout the different components of the ecosystem: development towards the undrained reference state and development towards a new direction, different from both the undrained and the drained state. Rewetting created favourable conditions for Sphagnum photosynthesis. Sphagnum mosses recovered in cover and biomass production rapidly. The new growth started the accumulation of the porous surface organic matter layer characteristic of mires, which increased microbial decomposition activity in the surface organic layer towards undrained levels. Meanwhile, rewetting applied on the compacted, physicochemically altered peat created wet, unstable hydrological conditions, which increased the cover of opportunistic plant species in the understory and caused high NH4 mobilization and CH4 production in the surface organic layer. Demanding spruce swamp forest species were lacking at the rewetted sites, but rewetting was successful in restoring the common species and directing the ecosystem towards mire-like functioning.Keywords: peatland forest, vegetation, Sphagnum, moss photosynthesis, biomass production, biogeochemistry 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis thesis is a result of the efforts of the many people who gave their time and expertise to the research project. Thank you for accompanying me on this venture. First, I want to express my gratitude to my supervisor Eeva-Stiina Tuittila. Thank you for your insightful thinking and persistent support. To my co-authors, thank you for your contribution. It has been a privilege to work with so many intelligent, creative and generous people. Your knowledge, skills and enthusiasm, be it in peatland restoration, plant ecophysiology, statistics or soil biogeochemistry, ...

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Retention of phosphorus in peatland buffer zones at six forested catchments in southern Finland

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Vegetation Change in Peatland Buffers as an Indicator of Active Areas of Run-On from Forestry

Vegetation Change in Peatland Buffers as an Indicator of Active Areas of Run-On from Forestry

Natural and Restored Wetland Buffers in Reducing Sediment and Nutrient Export from Forested Catchments: Finnish Experiences

Restoration of ecosystem structure and function in boreal spruce swamp forests

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