Retention of internal experiences in juvenile and adult rats

Klein, Stephen B.; Mikulka, Peter J.; Domato, Gary C.; Hallstead, Carol

doi:10.3758/bf03335300

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These results were consistent with those from Klein et al (1976), which showed retention of taste aversion in weanling young rats 1 day and 28 days after aversion training. However, the present data were inconsistent with those from Campbell et al (1974) that showed rapid forgetting of instrumental passive avoidance behavior over the same 7-day period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Conversely, Ader and Peck (1977) found no reliable evidence of retention of taste aversion in weanling rats tested in isolation 60 days after aversion training. Only Klein et al (1976) have reported wean lings' retention of taste aversion at two independently assessed temporal intervals. Since there seems to be little information about weanling rats' retention of taste aversion over relatively short temporal intervals and the data of Campbell et al (I974) seemed provocative, the present experiment studied retention of taste aversion at intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 168 h (7 days) following toxicosis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Learning and retention of sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats

Franchina

Domato

McCleese

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Sixty rat pups, 21 days old, drank 9% sucrose and then received a single injection of distilled water or .3, .6, 1.8, or 3.0 mEq of lithium chloride (LiCI). Testing with a two-bottle choice procedure showed that sucrose taste aversion occurred reliably following injections of 1.8 and 3.0 mEq of LiCI, but not following .3-or .6·mEq injections. In Experiment 2, 80 rat pups, 21 days old, drank 9% sucrose and received an injection of LiCI (3.0 mEq) or distilled water and then were tested for taste aversion 24, 48, 72, or 168 h later. Aversion effects were reliable at each retention interval; the magnitude of aversion was invariant across intervals.Recent studies of taste aversion learning have shown that when the conditions of training and testing are appropriate, young rats 22 to 29 days old learn to inhibit consummatory responding toward a taste stimulus that previously accompanied toxicosis (e.g., Ader & Peck, 1977;Baker, Baker, & Kesner, 1977; Grote & Brown, 1971 b; Klein, Domato, Hallstead, Stephens, & Mikulka, 1975). However, Baker et aL (1977) and Klein et al. (1975) have indicated that although taste aversion effects were demonstrable with young rats, these effects seemed more labile than they appeared to be for older rats, 80 days of age. That is, 'conditions that yielded reliable taste aversion effects in adult rats yielded only marginal effects in younger rats. Unfortunately, the relatively sparse amount of information about the parameters of taste aversion for weanling rats makes it difficult to ascertain the basis for the weanlings' performance in aversion learning. One apparently potent taste aversion variable whose effects have been reported for adult rats (Nachman & Ashe, 1973) but not for weanlings is the intensity (concentra· tion) of the toxicosiS-inducing agent. Nachman and Ashe (1973) showed that for adult rats, 60 days old, taste aversion increased reliably with increasing milleeqUivalents (mEq) of lithium chloride (LiCl) up to 3.0 mEq. Since there are no dose·response data available for infant rats, Experiment 1 investigated the effects of injecting .3-, .6-, 1.8-, or 3.O-mEq liCI on taste aversion in rats, 21 days old at injection. On Days 2, 3, 4, and 5, each pup received l·h daily access to tap water; the wet mash was made progressively drier over days until on Day 5 only dry ground chow served as food. On Day 6 the rat pups, 21 days old, were randomly assigned to injection conditions (n = 12). Each pup received 1-h access to 9% sucrose (weight/volume), and within 15 min after the end of the drinking period, each received an intraperitoneal injection of .3, .6, or 1.8 mEq of .15·molar Lic!, or 3.0 mEq of .30-molar LiCl, or 12 ml/kg of distilled water. Beginning 24 h after injection, each rat was tested for sucrose taste aversion with a two-bottle choice procedure: One bottle contained 9% sucrose, the other, tap water. Each pup received nine 1-h test periods, one period every 24 h. The measure of performance was the amount drunk (in milliliters) from each bottle, as calculated by the diff...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning and retention of sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats

Franchina

Domato

McCleese

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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“…Apparently, rat pups, like adult rats, retained taste information from prior exposure periods and, on the basis of stimulus generalization between preexposed and training flavors, showed reduced aversion effects. These results are consistent with expectations from the data of Capretta and Rawls (1974), Franchina et al (1980), and Galef and Sherry (1973) and are discrepant from those of Klein et al (1976). The discrepancy from the Klein et al data may likely reflect proceduT~1 differences, which have been discussed in an earlier report (see Franchina et al, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…To our knowledge , there is only one report (Klein, Mikulka, Domato, & Hallstead, 1976) of flavor preexposure effects on taste aversion in rats of different ages, and that is for only one level of preexposure, four. Klein et al reported that four preexposures to sucrose reliably reduced sucrose taste aversion in adult rats 65 days old, but not in young rats 23 days old.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of age and flavor preexposures on taste aversion performance

Franchina

Horowitz

1982

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Rats (Rattus norvegicus) 19, 30,90, and 180 days of age received one pairing of 12% sucrose (w/v) and an intraperitoneal (ip) injection (2% body weight) of either .15 M lithium chloride (LiCI) or .9% saline. Testing with a two-bottle choice procedure showed that, relative to saline-injected controls, aversion effects in LiCI groups increased with age at conditioning. In Experiment 2, 19· and 90-day-old rats received zero, one, or three exposures to 12% sucrose prior to pairing sucrose with an injection (ip) of .15 M LiClor .9% saline. Testing with a two-bottle choice yielded reliably greater aversion effects for adult rats than for pups. However, both age groups showed reliably increasing attenuation of taste aversion with increasing preexposures.Developmental studies of taste aversion have generally reported reliably greater aversion effects in adult rats than in rat pups (e.g., Baker, Baker, & Kesner, 1977;Campbell & Alberts, 1979;Gregg, Kittrell, Domjan, & Amsel, 1978;Grote & Brown, 1971;Klein, Domato, Hallstead, Stephens, & Mikulka, 1975). Most studies have typically used comparisons between two age groups: adult rats, 65 to 80 days old, and young rats, 29 days of age and younger. To our knowledge (also see G. M. Martin & Timmins, 1980), there has been no report of aversion effects compared over several developmental stages; conClusions based on cross-study comparisons are complicated by differences in procedures and in experimental parameters. Accordingly, Experiment 1 investigated taste aversion in rats 19,30,90, or 180 days of age at conditioning. These age levels seem to correspond roughly to preweanling, juvenile, young adult, and older adult stages of development. GENERAL METHOD SubjectsSubjects were albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the same breeder group of 12 female and 4 male Sprague-Dawley descen· dants from the colony maintained by the Department of Psychology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Each litter was culled to eight pups 3 to 5 days after birth (Day 0). ProceduresThe experiment occurred in a room 2.4 x 2.4 x 3.0 m. Illumination level was 80 fc; the light-dark cycle was 14 h/IO h, and light onset was at0700 h. Room temperature was 78°F ± 2°F.On Day 1 of the experiment, each rat was housed individu· ally in a single hanging cage, with food and tap water available ad lib for the first 12 h. Water was then discontinued for 12 h to start the deprivation cycle. On Days 2 and 3, each rat received These data were reported at the meeting of the Psychonomic Society in Washington, D.C., November 1977. The authors thank G. C. Domato, H. A. Griesemer, and A. T. Patsiokas for help in the collection and analysis of these data.Copyright 1982 Psychonomic Society, Inc.30 min access to tap water at 0800 hand 1600 h. On Day 4, 30 min water access occurred only at 0800 h.Day 5 was the aversion training day . Each rat received a 30-min access period to 12% sucrose (w/v) followed, within 15 min, by an injection (ip) of .15 M LiCI or .9% saline (2% body weight). Twenty-four hours aft...

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“…All of these studies shared the use of a choice-test applied 24 hr after conditioning. On the other hand, there are studies reporting deficits in latent inhibition of CTA before 20-25 days of age (Klein, Mikulka, Domato, & Hallstead, 1977;Nicolle, Barry, Veronesi, & Stanton, 1989). Nicolle et al (1989) performed a well controlled study which included 18-, 25-, and 32-day-old rats in order to assess LI of CTA to coffee and saccharin solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peculiar modulation of taste aversion learning by the time of day in developing rats

Manrique

Gámiz

Morón

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychobiology

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The ontogeny of the temporal context modulation of conditioned taste aversion was studied in male Wistar rats using a palatable 1% NaCl solution. A procedure that included two saline preexposures, a single pairing saline-lithium chloride (0.15 M; 1% b.w.) either at the same or a different time of day of preexposures and a one-bottle test at the same time than preexposure was applied. Four age groups (PN32, PN48, PN64, and PN100) covering the complete range from adolescence to the adult period were tested. The results showed no effect of a temporal context shift in PN32. A peculiar enhancement of temporal context-specific saline aversions was exhibited by PN48 and PN64 rats, while the adult typical temporal context specificity of latent inhibition was only evident in PN100 rats. The results are discussed in terms of the peculiar brain functional organization during a protracted adolescence period.

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Retention of internal experiences in juvenile and adult rats

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Learning and retention of sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats

Learning and retention of sucrose taste aversion in weanling rats

Effects of age and flavor preexposures on taste aversion performance

Peculiar modulation of taste aversion learning by the time of day in developing rats

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