Retention of active and passive avoidance responses tested in extinction

Singh, Pauline Jirik; Sakellaris, Peter C.; Brush, F. Robert

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(71)90012-9

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Some evidence supporting this hypothesis has been obtained by Brush and Levine (1966), Levine and Brush (1967), and King (1969) who found that the decrement in avoidance performance correlated with a decrease in adrenal steroids. In addition, injection of ACTH (Levine & Brush, 1967;Singh, Sakellaris, & Brush, 1971) or of an adrenal steroid (Levine & Brush, 1967) at the lowest performance point, led to an increase in avoidance responding. Adrenaline and sympathetic noradrenaline are included in the proposed explanation of these avoidance decrements, since ACTH and adrenal steroid levels do not always correlate well with such decrements (Barrett, Leith, & Ray, 1971;Suboski, Marquis, Black, & Platenius, 1970).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical sympathectomy and avoidance learning in the rat.

El¹,

Mg²

1972

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Depletion of peripheral sympathetic noradrenaline, induced by ip injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, led to significant decrements in escape and avoidance responding when the required response was difficult, but not when it was relatively easy to acquire. The present results are similar to those obtained with adrenal-demedullated subjects. These findings clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the motivation of behavior elicited by aversive stimulation. Implications for two-process theory and the "Kamin effect" or "learned helplessness" were discussed.x This research forms part of a dissertation presented to Macquarie University by E. L. Di Giusto in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD degree. The authors wish to thank Astra Chemicals Pty Ltd. for their generous supply of 6-hydroxydopamine.2 Requests for reprints should be sent to M. G.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chemical sympathectomy and avoidance learning in the rat.

El¹,

Mg²

1972

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…This memory-retrieval interpretation of the Kamin effect appears capable of explaining those cases in which more active responding is seen at intermediate intervals (Bintz, 1970;Bintz, Braud, & Brown, 1970;Klein & Spear, 1970a, 1970bPinel & Cooper, 1966;Ross, 1975 ;Singh, Sakellaris, & Brush, 1971) as well as the more typical finding of less active responding. Such an interpretation has been suggested in various forms by several authors (Bintz et al, 1970;Brush, 1971;Klein, 1972;Spear, 1971Spear, , 1973.…”

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confidence: 80%

Forgetting of a discrimination after intervals of intermediate length: The Kamin effect with choice behavior.

Bryan¹,

Spear²

1976

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Several experiments tested the occurrence of the "Kamin effect" in terms of discrimination (choice) behavior by rats. The effect-defined by a nonmonotonic retention function following aversive conditioning-, which includes exaggerated forgetting after intervals of intermediate length (1-6 hr.)-was obtained in terms of choice behavior, with each discrimination task tested (brightness and position) and for each of three types of retention test differing in the nature of the transfer between training and testing. The results of these tests suggest that a deficit in memory retrieval after intermediate-length intervals is the most appropriate explanation for these instances of the Kamin effect, with a likely important role in such memory processing to be assigned the endogenous neurochemical and hormonal changes that accompany and follow a stressful learning experience.

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“…Several hypotheses have been advanced to account for such a phenomenon. For example, it has been posited (Brush & Levine, 1966;Levine & Brush, 1967;Singh, Sakellaris, & Brush, 1971) that 1-6 hr. after fear conditioning the plasma concentration of corticosterone is depleted, and consequently, the organism is unable to cope with the stress involved in the avoidance task.…”

Section: Cholinergic Mechanisms and Alterations In Behavioral Suppres...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic mechanisms and alterations in behavioral suppression as factors producing time-dependent changes in avoidance performance.

Anisman

1973

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Retention of active and passive avoidance responses tested in extinction

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Chemical sympathectomy and avoidance learning in the rat.

Chemical sympathectomy and avoidance learning in the rat.

Forgetting of a discrimination after intervals of intermediate length: The Kamin effect with choice behavior.

Cholinergic mechanisms and alterations in behavioral suppression as factors producing time-dependent changes in avoidance performance.

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