Retention of a passive avoidance response in mice

Clark, Robert

doi:10.3758/bf03331060

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The shock-intensity results agree with Essman and Sudak (1964) and Clark (1967) in indicating that higher intensities produce greater avoidance. However, the present results disagree in that passiveavoidance responding was not asymptotic for increases in shock intensity beyond 1 ma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…EXPERIMENT 1 Of the two variables selected for investigation in the present study, the effects of amount of preexposure to the conditioning apparatus do not appear to have been investigated in passive avoidance at all, and the effects of varying footshock intensity have been investigated only for single conditioning-test intervals. Both Essman and Sudak (1964) and Clark (1967) found increases in passive avoidance with increases in shock intensity up to 1 ma. and .little effect from further increases in intensity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Incubation of passive avoidance in rats: Shock intensity and pretraining.

Zammit-Montebello¹,

Black²,

Marquis³

et al. 1969

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Rats were given .5-, 1.0-, or 2.0-ma. footshock after entry of a dark chamber from a lighted chamber on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, or 8th training trial and then tested at one of five postconditioning intervals (10 N see., n -1, 5). Latency to reenter the dark chamber was linearly increasing functions of the conditioning-test interval and shock intensity and a linearly decreasing function of amount of preexposure to the apparatus. A second study using a single set of parameters (1 ma., 4 training trials), larger numbers of & and a wider range of test intervals yielded response latencies that were an inverted U-shaped function of the conditioning-test interval.A number of recent studies have shown that a variety of passive-avoidance responses acquired in one conditioning trial incubate, that is, change as a function of time following aversive conditioning (e.g., Irwin & Benuazizi, 1966;McGaugh, 1966). The majority of the studies which investigated the conditioning-test interval used only a few intervals and thus have been relatively uninformative with respect to the form of the incubation function. Irwin and Benuazizi reported two experiments in which a fairly large range of conditioning-test intervals was used. In both experiments response latency was an inverted U-shaped function of the conditioning-test interval with maximum latency at 90 min. Clark (1967) also included a large number of conditioning-test intervals, although his shortest interval was J/2 h r -I n contrast to most other studies, Clark found that passive-avoidance responding decreased monotonically across conditioning-test intervals. Most studies have found monotonically increasing passive-avoidance responding up to the longest interval tested, generally either 1 or 24 hr., with very few

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Incubation of passive avoidance in rats: Shock intensity and pretraining.

Zammit-Montebello¹,

Black²,

Marquis³

et al. 1969

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…In spite of the widespread use of the one-trial passive avoidance paradigm, very little information is available as to the conditions which affect acquisition and performance of the passive avoidance response. Intensity of the footshock has been most frequently examined (Clark, 1967;Essman & Sudak, 1964;Zammit-Montebello, Black, Marquis & Suboski, 1969). Because of its later development, essentially no information is available as to the conditions which affect acquisition in the one-trial discriminated avoidance paradigm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shock intensity and food deprivation on one-trial discriminated avoidance.

Litner¹,

Suboski²

1971

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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A single shock followed foot pellet retrieval following die trans-illumination of one wall of a conditioning chamber. Avoidance of die illuminated wall (discrimination) was an increasing function of shock intensity, with asymptotic performance at 1 ma. Measures presumed to reflect primarily a generalized emotional response conditioned to apparatus cues; however, were linearly increasing functions of shock intensity up to 4 ma. In Experiment n, discrimination was a function of both shock intensity and level of food deprivation, with discrimination best under high shock intensity and low deprivation and poorest under low intensity and high deprivation.

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