Retinoids' eects on cell growth and dierentiation are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors, which are ligandactivated transcription enhancing factors. Because the expression of the retinoic acid receptor b (RARb) gene, which is located on chromosome 3p24, is diminished in premalignant and malignant tissues it has been proposed that it acts as a tumor suppressor. To test the hypothesis that RARb loss leads to retinoid resistance, we studied several karyotyped head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (UMSCC-17A, -17B, -22A, -22B, and -38) with deletion of one chromosome 3p arm. RARb mRNA was neither detected nor induced by retinoic acid in these cells, whereas it was expressed and induced by retinoic acid in two other HNSCC cell lines (1483 and 183) without 3p deletion. Methylation of the RARb gene promoter was detected in the 17B and 22B cells that failed to express RARb but no methylation was found in 183A cells that did express RARb mRNA. Responsiveness of HNSCC cells to several retinoids in assays of growth inhibition and colony formation, was rank ordered as: 22B414834384183417B. Additionally, retinoid response elements were transactivated in 22B more eciently than in 17B cells. These results indicate that loss of RARb expression does not necessarily lead to loss of growth inhibition by retinoids or to a block of retinoid signaling. Oncogene (2001) 20, 6820 ± 6827.