Resveratrol reversed chronic restraint stress-induced impaired cognitive function in rats

Abstract

Chronic stress occurs in everyday life, and often results in memory impairments and depressive symptoms. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol that possesses numerous biological properties, including potent antidepressant‑like effects. The present study aimed to examine the effects of resveratrol treatment on chronic restraint stress (CRS)‑induced cognitive impairment and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were exposed to CRS for 21 days in order to induce depressive‑like behavior. The results demonstrated that CRS (6 h/day, 21 days) was able to induce cognitive deficits in rats, as evidenced by Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. In addition, CRS exposure significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the rats. Conversely, chronic treatment with resveratrol (80 mg/kg, i.p.; 21 days) significantly prevented the behavioral and biochemical alterations induced by CRS. The effects of resveratrol were nearly identical to those observed with fluoxetine treatment. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that resveratrol may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of chronic stress‑induced cognitive impairments, and its underlying molecular mechanism may be associated with the increased levels of hippocampal BDNF.

The antidepressant effects of apigenin are associated with the�promotion of autophagy via the mTOR/AMPK/ULK1 pathway

“…in the present study, depressive-like mice, induced by chronic restraint stress, were used to investigate the antidepressant effects of apigenin. chronic restraint stress has become a widely employed rodent model for depression-like disorders (23,(32)(33)(34). Fluoxetine was used as a positive control drug, and, similar to fluoxetine, apigenin was observed to increase sucrose preference and decrease the immobility time in behavioral tests.…”

Antidepressant Effects of Rosemary Extracts Associate With Anti-inflammatory Effect and Rebalance of Gut Microbiota

“…Additionally, depression caused by CRS may be related to inflammatory pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ( Wang et al, 2017 ), which indicates inflammatory and microglial activation are involved in depressive-like behaviors ( Yamawaki et al, 2018 ). The mRNA and protein expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are remarkably lessened in hippocampus in the rats exposed to CRS ( Zhang et al, 2017 ). Further, CRS can induce cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in mice, associated with the downregulation of AKT signaling pathway ( Huang et al, 2015 ).…”

The Prospective Protective Effect of Selenium Against Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Memory Impairment in Male Albino Rats

“…for successive 21 days. The tip of the restrainer has several small holes to allow sufficient breathing and the rats were unable to move within the tubes, this paradigm was proved to induce cognitive deficits in rats [1,3] .…”

“…Chronic stress can trigger the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the circulating levels of the stress hormones, Glucocorticoids (GC) [2] . One of the most vulnerable targets of stress is hippocampus, which is a limbic region important in learning and memory, and abundantly expresses GC receptors [3] . Stress activates hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, increases neuronal metabolism, decreases cell survival and neurogenesis, triggers dendritic atrophy and causes long-term potentiation and cognitive deficits [4,5] .…”

“…Many studies demonstrated the possible underlying mechanisms for the pathophysiology of CRS induced memory impairment [9][10][11][12] . Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic stress-induced memory deficits [3] .…”