Resuspension of particles deposited by nano‐enabled consumer sprays: The role of product type, flooring material, and resuspension force

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is a known indoor air pollutant, and it can cause adverse effects, including decreased lung function, increased respiratory symptoms such as bronchitis and asthma, and increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. [1][2][3][4] The presence of airborne particles indoors is caused by outdoor PM and indoor activities such as cooking, cleaning, use of sprays, as well as candles and incense. [5][6][7][8] In addition, a large fraction of indoor particles eventually settles on surfaces which then can then be resuspended back into the air by human activities. [9][10][11][12][13] The resuspension of particles is an important indoor particle source. Resuspension of different types of particles (e.g., silica particles, 14 potassium chloride [KCl] salt particles, 15 alumina powder, 16 cigarette smoke particles, 17 Arizona Test Dust, 18,19 biological particles, 10,20 and dust from real homes 5,21 ) has been investigated.

Comparison of sampling methods for the determination of volatile organic compounds in consumer aerosol sprays

“…Additionally, some substances showed significant variations in RSD values among the sprays for the same substance. During spraying, different variables such as gas pressure and nozzle shape may affect the composition of the aerosol sprayed [21][22][23] . When using spraying sampling method, these characteristics and variables of each spray may be reflected in the sampling process, potentially resembling the composition of the aerosol to which generated during spray usage.…”

“…There are two options for sampling the contents of a consumer aerosol sprays: (1) spraying the spray into the vial or (2) perforating the spray and transferring a sample into a vial by syringe. During spraying, the internal chemical components of the spray can become mixed due to various factors such as the internal pressure of the gas, drag forces within the nozzle that are induced by the material and shape of the nozzle, and fluid turbulence [21][22][23] . Therefore, the contents collected through spray sampling may not match the original composition of the spray.…”

Exploring the Potential of Nanotechnology in Pediatric Healthcare: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

“…The concern over nanoparticle exposure has led to investigations into resuspension rates, revealing variations depending on the product, flooring, and resuspension force. Products containing copper, silver, and zinc nanomaterials exhibited higher rates, highlighting the importance of further research and regulation in this area [ 191 ]. Advancements in drug delivery systems and nanomedicines hold promise for treating degenerative ocular diseases that manifest in childhood, offering the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for affected pediatric patients [ 192 ].…”

“…Products containing Cu, Ag, and Zn nanomaterials had higher rates. [191] Pediatric degenerative ocular diseases Ocular nanomedicines-recent developments in drug delivery systems and nanomedicines show promise for treating degenerative ocular diseases with childhood onset. [192] Microbial interaction Glucosyltransferase B (GtfB) and Candida albicans-streptococcus mutans-derived exoenzyme GtfB binds strongly to Candida albicans, explaining how it modulates this virulent cross-kingdom interaction.…”