Resurgence of Diphtheria in Rural Areas of North Karnataka, India

Parande, Mahantesh V.; Roy, Subarna; Mantur, BG; Parande, Aisha M; Shinde, Rupali

doi:10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_17_48

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…After an incubation period of 2 to 4 days, signs and symptoms of local inflammation develop [14]. It mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, another form of presentation is cutaneous diphtheria, however, the most frequent form of presentation is tonsillar or pharyngeal diphtheria, sore throat is the early universal symptom: only half of the patients present fever, and a few have dysphagia, dysphonia, malaise, or headache [1]. The virulence of the organism resides in its ability to produce the potent polypeptide exotoxin, which inhibits protein synthesis and causes local tissue necrosis, which becomes a gray-brown, leather-like adherent pseudomembrane that is difficult to remove and then a bleeding and edematous submucosa.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A positive culture with toxin-producing C. diphtheriae confirms the etiologic diagnosis [12]. Although laboratory investigation of suspected cases is recommended for case confirmation, treatment should be started immediately without waiting for laboratory results as diphtheria, if not detected early and treated promptly, can lead to significant mortality due to its complications [1].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It mainly affects the upper respiratory tract, another form of presentation is cutaneous diphtheria, and this is less frequent. If not caught early and treated promptly, it can lead to significant mortality from its complications [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2017, in North Karnataka, India, 432 cases were reported, of which 38 (8,79%) had a positive culture for C. diphtheriae, of these 55,26% belonged to the 1-5-year-old group and 36,84% were between 6 and 10 years old. Of the confirmed cases, men were three times more than women, patient mortality data were not available [1]. In South Africa, in 2017, a total of 15 cases were reported, of which 11 were confirmed diphtheria, there was no travel history between the cases, the age range was 4 to 41 years, with a median age of 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Characteristics in Patients with Diphtheria in the Autonomous Service University Hospital of Maracaibo

Castro¹

2021

SJCM

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Diphtheria is a notifiable infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Objective: To establish the epidemiological characteristics in patients with diphtheria in the Autonomous Service University Hospital of Maracaibo. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective and field research. The sample was represented by patients older than 15 years admitted to the Internal Medicine service. Results: Between January 2018 and December 2018, 67 patients were included, the incidence was 25 cases per million inhabitants, 58,2% were female, aged between 15 -65 years. 92,5% did not travel in the last month, 19,4% reported having had contact with diphtheria. Most of the cases came from the Maracaibo municipality in 46,3%. The predominant educational status was complete secondary with 59,7%. 86,6% do not know their vaccination history. The current occupation that prevailed was merchant in 34,3%, followed by housewife 23,9% and student 17,9%. The socioeconomic status by the Method of Graffar Méndez Castellano, the working class stratum IV predominated with 77,6%. The time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 1-15 days. Tonsillitis-like respiratory form as a typical clinical presentation in all cases; fever, dysphagia, and presence of adherent pseudomembrane predominated in most patients. 22,4% presented complications. Most of the cases were confirmed clinically 77,6% while 4,5% were laboratory confirmed. The fatality rate was 19,4%. Conclusion: Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in Venezuela in recent years, it affects any age and sex, in addition, it has been associated with low vaccination coverage and low socioeconomic status, so prevention and control is essential to eradicate the disease.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological Characteristics in Patients with Diphtheria in the Autonomous Service University Hospital of Maracaibo

Castro¹

2021

SJCM

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“…Detailed literature on occurrence of diphtheria as cases or outbreaks has been very scanty. Recently, studies have been published on resurgence of diphtheria in regions like Karnataka[ 12 ] and Kerala[ 13 ] which also showed upsurge in number of cases in these regions. The purpose of our study was to study the (1) cause of resurgence of diphtheria in Banaskatha district, Gujarat, (2) to determine the age distribution, immunization status, clinical features, prognosis and course of the disease (3) to know about the vaccination coverage in the region and what steps can be taken to avoid future outbreaks of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgence of diphtheria in Northern Gujarat: A retrospective study done in Banas Medical College and Research Centre, Palanpur, Gujarat

Sharma¹,

Desai²,

Chaudhary

et al. 2022

J Family Med Prim Care

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A BSTRACT Background: A diphtheria outbreak occurred in Banaskantha district in the northern part of Gujarat in 2019–2020. This study was undertaken to study and generate information on the resurgence of the disease in this region and to generate information regarding the status of vaccination in this region and what strategies can be adopted to avoid re-emergence of the disease in the future. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based, retrospective, descriptive study done on patients of diphtheria who were admitted in Banas Medical College and Research Institute, Palanpur from September 2019 to January 2020. Throat swab was taken from all the patients and information regarding symptoms, vaccination, and demographic characteristic was collected. Treatment in the form of ADS, injection crystalline penicillin/erythromycin and other supportive treatment was given. Result: Out of 188 patients, 27 patients (14.36%) were less than 5 years of age, 118 patients (62.76%) and 38 patients (20.21%) were of age group 5–10 and 11–18 years, respectively. Total of five patients (2.66%) were of age more than 18 years. Out of 188 patients, 102 (54.25%) were males and 86 patients (45.74%) were females. All the patients (188) were found to be unvaccinated. Among 188 throat swabs that were tested, 21 samples (11.17%) were found to be culture positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Antidiphtheric serum was given in 181 patients (96.27%) according to the requirement. Out of 188 patients, 155 patients (82.44%) improved with treatment and were discharged. Total of 23 patients (12.23%) were referred to higher center for tracheostomy and for management of other complications. Six patients (3.19%) left against medical advice and four patients (2.12%) expired despite all measures taken. Conclusion: Diphtheria is a disease that can easily be prevented by vaccination. Our study highlights need to increase awareness about vaccination among people of Banaskatha district and all measures should be taken to give full vaccination to children less than 5 years of age and booster vaccination should be encouraged in adolescents and adults so that future resurgence of disease can be prevented.

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Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Predictors of Poor Outcome Among Children During a Diphtheria Outbreak in Haryana

et al. 2023

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Resurgence of Diphtheria in Rural Areas of North Karnataka, India

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Epidemiological Characteristics in Patients with Diphtheria in the Autonomous Service University Hospital of Maracaibo

Epidemiological Characteristics in Patients with Diphtheria in the Autonomous Service University Hospital of Maracaibo

Resurgence of diphtheria in Northern Gujarat: A retrospective study done in Banas Medical College and Research Centre, Palanpur, Gujarat

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Predictors of Poor Outcome Among Children During a Diphtheria Outbreak in Haryana

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